地面切换自动过分相系统的方案研究

简述目前国内既有自动过分相模式,分析既有自动过分相模式存在的问题,设计出一种基于新型真空断路器的地面开关切换自动过分相系统技术方案,并于国内外同类断路器技术予以比较,指出该方案需进一步研究的方向。     

The construction and use of continuous autoregressive models for traffic indices

This article discusses the use of continuous autoregressive models to describe the behavior of traffic indices. From discretely sampled data, second-order differential equation models are constructed to represent dynamic traffic fluctuations as the response of a linear system to a stochastic forcing function. The results are compared to the more common M/G/∞ queueing model approach, and the analysis is demonstrated on time series of aircraft concentration in thirty-one enroute air traffic control sectors.     

将安全及环境保护置于一切之上

今天,我将冒着一定的风险来预言一些在下一世纪开始阶段,会出现在航运业内的某些事物的形态.很显然,我会着重谈一些IMO活动范围以内的事.     

Finite element modeling of suction anchors under combined loading

Suction anchors are subjected to inclined, quasi-horizontal or quasi-vertical loadings. The type of the structure and depth of water govern the inclination of the load. Under this load condition, suction anchor experiences a combination of horizontal and vertical translations, and rotation. Therefore the soil's reaction to this load condition can be idealized as horizontal and vertical loadings, together with a moment. The magnitude and combination of the reactions depend on the load inclination, soil property and the point at which the load is applied. The behavior of the suction anchor subjected to the combined V–H-M loading is elaborated in this paper. This is to observe the effects of soil properties on the failure mechanism and ultimate capacity of the foundation. This was achieved by applying the pure horizontal and vertical displacements, and rotation and their combinations to the foundation, on V–H, V-M and H-M spaces and the yield-locus created for each space. The general purpose finite element program DIANA was used for this study. Non-linear analysis was conducted using a simplified elastic-perfectly-plastic model with Von-Mises yield criterion for saturated and consolidated clay.     

In-car power line communications: Advanced transmission techniques

The increasing number of electronic control units (ECUs) inside a vehicle implies the need to develop and deploy on board robust, low latency and low complex telecommunication systems. In this respect, power line communications (PLC) is an attractive solution. The benefits provided by the introduction of power line communications in the in-car environment are multiple and they are related to the possibility of exploiting the existing and capillary wiring infrastructure to simplify the design of the in-vehicle data network (IVN) and, more importantly, to save weight and cost of the wiring harness. In this paper, we deal with the analysis of the performance achievable by applying innovative advanced modulation techniques to in-car measured power line channels, i.e., multicarrier (MC) and impulsive ultra wideband (I-UWB) modulation. We show that for low speed command and control applications, I-UWB is suitable since it requires lower power and lower computational efforts w.r.t. MC systems. Furthermore, we study the design of the optimal transmitted pulse to further improve the performance of I-UWB.     

宁波舟山港主通道一体式钢管桩制造技术

宁波舟山港主通道工程70m跨非通航孔主桥和62.5m跨非通航孔引桥采用螺旋焊缝钢管桩(每根桩上、下部分壁厚不同),桩径分1.6m、1.8m、2m三种规格,最大桩长109m。针对钢管桩大直径、超长、不等壁厚等特点,钢管桩采用全自动化整桩螺旋卷制生产制造方案。制造过程中,将2根桩相同壁厚部分连起来制造,采用在线预精焊、全自动激光跟踪扫描智能化纠偏焊接技术、钢带对接外焊缝自动焊接设备和剪力环自动焊接专用机器设备,建立大直径、超长钢管桩全自动化生产线,实现钢管桩高质、快速制造。该技术的应用,使钢管桩焊接质量一次检测合格率达99.5%以上,加工效率提高2.5倍,仅用16个月,完成了24万吨钢管桩的制造。     

Exhaust emissions and its control methods in compression ignition engines: A review

Extensive usage of automobiles has certain disadvantages and one of them is its negative effect on environment. Carbon dioxide (CO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NO_x), sulphur dioxide (SO₂) and particulate matter (PM) come out as harmful products during incomplete combustion from internal combustion (IC) engines. As these substances affect human health, regulatory bodies impose increasingly stringent restrictions on the level of emissions coming out from IC engines. This trend suggests the urgent need for the investigation of all aspects relevant to emissions. It is required to modify existing engine technologies and to develop a better after-treatment system to achieve the upcoming emission norms. Diesel engines are generally preferred over gasoline engines due to their undisputed benefit of fuel economy and higher torque output. However, diesel engines produce higher emissions, particularly NO_x and PM. Aftertreatment systems are costly and occupy more space, hence, in-cylinder solutions are preferred in reducing emissions. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) technology has been utilized previously to reduce NO_x. Though it is quite successful for small engines, problem persists with large bore engines and with high rate of EGR. EGR helps in reducing NO_x, but increases particulate emissions and fuel consumption. Many in-cylinder solutions such as lower compression ratios, modified injection characteristics, improved air intake system etc. are required along with EGR to accomplish the future emission norms. Modern combustion techniques such as low temperature combustion (LTC), homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) etc. would be helpful for reducing the exhaust emissions and improving the engine performance. However, controlling of autoignition timing and achieving wider operating range are the major challenges with these techniques. A comprehensive review of diesel engine performance and emission characteristics is given in this paper.     

T��l��phoner au volant : impact sur la conduite et risque d��accident, une revue de la litt��rature

This paper gives a literature review from experimental, epidemiological and naturalistic studies, having tried to measure on the one hand, the impact of mobile phone use on driving and, on the other hand, the risk of accident associated with this practice. The overview of these studies allowed first of all to show that the driving task is altered during the period of mobile phone use, and to quantify the disturbance (experimental studies), then to verify that this disturbance can be at the origin of accidents and quantify this risk (epidemiological studies). The naturalistic studies, consisting in following-up fleet vehicles, give some more explanations and tend to confirm the results. Advantages and limits of each approach are also discussed.     

Static and tip-over stability analysis of two-chain suspension arrangements for large-scale cargo operations

Based on the Lagrange classical stability concept, the approaches and corresponding equations for determining conditions for providing a static and tip-over stability of a two-chain suspension arrangement have been developed. Specifically, it has been proven that the arrangement is in the stable position of equilibrium if the cargo centre of gravity is placed within the isosceles triangle (named as static stability triangle). The base of this triangle is the base of the secondary suspension, and its height is a function of the geometric peculiarities of the arrangement and ratio between mass of spreader and cargo unit. Comparative tip-over stability analysis of the arrangements with different geometric peculiarities and configurations has been also performed.