Governance for Sustainable Coastal Futures

The mobile nature of soft coasts means that coastal communities face uncertainty in their property values and peace of mind when the existing coastal defense is lowered or removed. The acceptance by the U.K. government that coastal realignment in areas of low population density and limited ecological value is unavoidable means that the current state of affairs, where coastal residents have broadly come to assume that they will be defended if they make enough fuss, cannot continue. The government is currently unwilling to confront this consternation and continues to refuse to pay compensation for lost property value. This is creating an outcry over loss of fairness of treatment. This dispute raises important questions of governance for coastal change. This participatory research project worked closely with English Nature, North Norfolk District Council, local residents associations, the Environment Agency, and the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. What emerged in the analysis were unresolved tensions between national strategic frameworks, emerging planning arrangements, changing economic assessments, and the desirability of delivering, through a number of public and voluntary agencies, local flexibility in participation and in coastal design. This article reports on the research process, the challenges for coastal governance, and the scope for creative partnerships between science, planning, policy delivery, and public acceptance.     

感应式磁传感器的设计

对影响感应式磁传感器的参数进行了分析,给出了线圈匝数最佳值的寻求方法;建立了长方体磁芯退磁场的模型,给出了在弱磁环境下长轴方向上退磁场的变化规律;为了增加传感器两端的输出,提出了在磁芯两端放置集磁板提高磁芯有效磁导率的方法,并给出了有效磁导率的计算公式;对线径大小对线圈电阻、电感和分布电容的影响进行了分析,提出了线径选...     

Simulation des temps de parcours du transport ferroviaire régional du bassin de vie stéphanois dans le cadre du projet Bahn.Ville

The French-German research project Bahn.Ville, dealing with Rail oriented development and intermodality in German and French urban regions, has consisted in identifying the principles and factors of success of an urban development oriented towards rail, and in testing them in the agglomeration of Saint-Étienne. One of the research-actions focussed on identifying and anticipating the potential impacts in terms of urban development of a new transport system, of the tram-train type, on an existing railway line. The effect of the insertion of new stops on the global journey time is one of the criterion of the evaluation of new stops. A simulation method of the journey times is presented in this paper. The interest and the limits of this approach, regarding the rolling stock choice and the insertion of new stops, are emphasized.     

Extended gate operations at the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach: a preliminary assessment

The paper examines the implementation of extended gate operations at the Los Angeles/Long Beach ports. The programme, known as PierPASS, assesses a Traffic Mitigation Fee (TMF) on eligible containers moved into and out of the ports during peak hours. The fees are intended to defray the costs of extended operations at the ports.

In this paper we focus on the implementation of the programme and its outcomes over a year of operation. We discuss the motivations and actions of key stakeholders and place our examination in the institutional framework of the goods movement supply chain. Our results are based primarily on a series of extended interviews with stakeholders, together with data provided by PierPASS and by three drayage trucker surveys. We find that the PierPASS programme was a response by terminal operators and steamship companies to growing political pressure. Given their market power within the supply chain, they were able to create a programme that protected their interests yet responded to political imperative. The PierPASS programme has been a success: the peak fee has shifted a significant share of cargo to evenings and weekends, as intended. Winners and losers of PierPASS reflect the larger structure of the international supply chain.     

机场跑道破损坑槽对飞机滑跑动力的影响

基于1/4双自由度振动模型,建立了飞机-坑槽振动简化模型,从乘客舒适度、道面结构承载力及高速滑跑时可能发生跳跃等3方面,研究了道面坑槽的许可深度计算方法。结果表明:机身振动加速度随着坑槽深度增大而增大,随着滑跑速度增大而减小;动载系数随着坑槽深度增大而增大,随着滑跑速度的增大而减小。实例应用得到了跑道不同部位出现坑槽的许可深度值,为机场当局对破损跑道的运行适用性判断提供理论参考。     

It’s not that I don’t care, I just don’t care very much: confounding between attribute non-attendance and taste heterogeneity

With the growing interest in the topic of attribute non-attendance, there is now widespread use of latent class (LC) structures aimed at capturing such behaviour, across a number of different fields. Specifically, these studies rely on a confirmatory LC model, using two separate values for each coefficient, one of which is fixed to zero while the other is estimated, and then use the obtained class probabilities as an indication of the degree of attribute non-attendance. In the present paper, we argue that this approach is in fact misguided, and that the results are likely to be affected by confounding with regular taste heterogeneity. We contrast the confirmatory model with an exploratory LC structure in which the values in both classes are estimated. We also put forward a combined latent class mixed logit model (LC-MMNL) which allows jointly for attribute non-attendance and for continuous taste heterogeneity. Across three separate case studies, the exploratory LC model clearly rejects the confirmatory LC approach and suggests that rates of non-attendance may be much lower than what is suggested by the standard model, or even zero. The combined LC-MMNL model similarly produces significant improvements in model fit, along with substantial reductions in the implied rate of attribute non-attendance, in some cases even eliminating the phenomena across the sample population. Our results thus call for a reappraisal of the large body of recent work that has implied high rates of attribute non-attendance for some attributes. Finally, we also highlight a number of general issues with attribute non-attendance, in particular relating to the computation of willingness to pay measures.     

地铁车载CCTV图像上传应用与研究

随着城市轨道交通的快速发展,乘客信息系统(PIS)和视频监控(CCTV)系统已经成为地铁中不可缺少的组成部分,既为乘客提供了最直观的信息交互平台,又在反恐领域起到了不可或缺的作用。对车载CCTV系统图像上传到运营控制中心(OCC)的功能进行了描述,并从组网方式、控制指令传递等方面对系统的功能实现进行了研究和说明。     

一种基于激光测距的大断面巷(隧)道收敛变形高效测量装置的研发及应用

为保证大断面巷(隧)道收敛变形精确测量,研发了便捷式激光测距仪新装置,通过结构设计创新,新装置利用万向球云台替代多轴连接杆,提高了发射接收装置的稳定性和校准能力,最终实现了原位测量;测点布置采用改进的十字型布置方式,增加BE测量路线,形成五测点矩阵ABB'CE;利用小变形原理和三角函数原理推导出了巷道收敛变形计算原理,分别得到了巷道两侧帮相对中轴线的位移量和顶底板的位移量。由于客观因素导致测量数据存在误差,因此针对单次测量和多期测量分别进行误差处理,采用测定值子样平均值来估计单次测量真值,多期测量采用半参数回归分析法消除误差。新型装置在贵州开阳磷矿下属马路坪矿区得到了首次应用,对新开挖大断面巷道表面收敛变形进行长期监测,获得了该矿区深部软岩巷道的基本变形规律。     

Modelling user satisfaction in public transport systems considering missing information

Collecting data to obtain insights into customer satisfaction with public transport services is very time-consuming and costly. Many factors such as service frequency, reliability and comfort during the trip have been found important drivers of customer satisfaction. Consequently, customer satisfaction surveys are quite lengthy, resulting in many interviews not being completed within the aboard time of the passengers/respondents. This paper questions as to whether it is possible to reduce the amount of information collected without a compromise on insights. To address this research question, we conduct a comparative analysis of different Ordered Probit models: one with a full list of attributes versus one with partial set of attributes. For the latter, missing information was imputed using three different methods that are based on modes, single imputations using predictive models and multiple imputation. Estimation results show that the partial model using the multiple imputation method behaves in a similar way to the model that is based on the full survey. This finding opens an opportunity to reduce interview time which is critical for most customer satisfaction surveys.