基于熵最大化图像分割的直线型车道标识识别及跟踪方法

为了解决在道路路面材料不一致或光照不均匀情况下的车道标识线的识别和跟踪问题,提出一种基于熵最大化的图像分割可变形模板的车道标识线识别及跟踪方法.该方法结合了图像变窗口处理技术和基于熵最大化分割方法来实现对道路图像的理想分割,然后利用可变形模板匹配方法得到车道标识线参数,最后采用建立梯形感兴趣区域的方法实现对车道标识线的实时跟踪.试验结果表明：该方法具有很好的可靠性、鲁棒性和实时性.     

昔格达地层路堑边坡稳定性物元分析

结合西(西昌)攀(攀枝花)高速公路建设需要,通过对西攀高速公路沿线昔格达地层既有铁路、公路路堑边坡稳定性的调查研究,采用物元数理统计方法进行归纳分析,系统全面地总结出昔格达地层路堑边坡稳定性的影响因素,即坡高、坡度、坡体结构、含水率、植被覆盖率、岩石性质以及坡体内结构面产状与岩层产状,然后建立物元方程,得出各因素对边坡稳定性的影响程度,同时对昔格达地层路堑边坡按稳定性进行归类,共分稳定型、次稳定型、次不稳定型和不稳定型4种类型。通过系统论述昔格达地层边坡稳定性与边坡地形、地质条件的关系,得到了昔格达地层路堑边坡稳定性的理论判别依据和判别标志。     

钢筋混凝土梁遗传算法优化设计

遗传算法是建立在自然遗传学机理基础上的参数搜索方法。通过介绍遗传算法在钢筋混凝土梁结构参数求解中的应用,利用遗传算法对钢筋混凝土梁进行优化,建立钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁的满足约束、造价最低优化模型及相应的适应度函数,采用二进制编码,通过执行遗传算法的选择、交叉和变异算子,实现对结构的优化设计,并分析了算例,成功求解了钢筋混凝土梁结构非线性优化设计模型。实例结果表明:该法可以节省时间,优化结果准确并可以降低造价。     

带波形钢腹板悬臂挑梁的钢-混凝土组合脊骨梁新结构

介绍了带波形钢腹板悬臂挑梁的钢-混凝土组合脊骨梁这一新型结构。作者们阐述了该结构的特点和适用范围；并分别对其剪力滞效应、扭转特性、极限承载力和波形钢腹板悬臂组合桥面板的荷载横向分布规律等受力特点进行了总结，为组合脊骨梁的实际应用提供参考。     

SBS物理和化学改性沥青混合料路用性能研究

对SBS改性沥青混合料进行了一系列室内试验研究,包括高温车辙试验,APA车辙试验,低温弯曲试验,残留稳定度和冻融劈裂试验等。研究结果表明,SBS化学改性沥青混合料的高温稳定性、低温抗裂性和水稳定性均比SBS物理改性沥青混合料好。     

Dual extended Kalman filter for vehicle state and parameter estimation

The article demonstrates the implementation of a model-based vehicle estimator, which can be used for combined estimation of vehicle states and parameters. The estimator is realised using the dual extended Kalman filter (DEKF) technique, which makes use of two Kalman filters running in parallel, thus 'splitting' the state and parameter estimation problems. Note that the two problems cannot be entirely separated due to their inherent interdependencies. This technique provides several advantages, such as the possibility to switch off the parameter estimator, once a sufficiently good set of estimates has been obtained. The estimator is based on a four-wheel vehicle model with four degrees of freedom, which accommodates the dominant modes only, and is designed to make use of several interchangeable tyre models. The paper demonstrates the appropriateness of the DEKF. Results to date indicate that this is an effective approach, which is considered to be of potential benefit to the automotive industry.     

Modelling of wheels and rail discontinuities in dynamic wheel-rail contact analysis

A classification of wheel-rail contact is given. Difference is made between modelling of a running wheel with continuous single-point-contact, as is common practice in wheel-rail contact analysis, and a wheel with transient double- or multi-point-contact, which may occur for rail irregularities with curvatures larger than that of the wheel circumference. It is shown that application of the first model for these irregularities will strongly underestimate the contact forces as it does not describe occurring mechanisms correctly. Further, it is shown that in principle it is not possible to describe the second type of contact fully correct with a lumped wheel model. Both wheel models are formulated mathematically for some basic contact cases. Afterwards, results are applied to a linear track model. Analytical closed-form solutions are found in the frequency domain for arbitrary type of contact and numerically transformed to the time domain. Finally, the necessity is shown to avoid situations where transient multiple-point-contact may occur (like rail joints) in practice.     

悬浮桩复合地基下卧层沉降计算的对比分析

采用粉喷桩加固深厚层软土地基,其桩端通常无法到达硬质土层,此时桩体悬浮在软土中。这种情况下的复合地基,其沉降主要发生在下卧层,因此下卧层的沉降估算成了悬浮桩复合地基设计的关键。采用各种方法计算下卧层沉降,通过对比分析可知,利用修正公式计算的下卧层沉降,其结果与实测结果相吻合。     

走-停巡航系统分层控制器设计

结合驾驶统计模型，设计了走一停自适应巡航系统的纵向车间距离控制器。上位控制器的设计与车辆模型无关。在建立目标性能函数的基础上得到控制律；而下位控制器则将油门和制动控制独立设计，依据一定的切换逻辑使它们分别作用于车辆。在制动控制的设计中引入了改进型史密斯预估器。在多种工况下的仿真试验中表明控制器性能良好。     

体外预应力加固T形刚构桥

体外预应力技术施工方便、经济可靠 ,能有效地提高现有桥梁承载能力、改善结构性能 ,因而在加固既有桥梁中广为应用。该文以紫坭大桥主跨T形双悬臂刚构成功应用体外预应力加固的实例为背景 ,说明利用体外预应力加固同类结构的设计、施工及其监控方法 ,并从设计思路出发 ,强调施工监控的重要性。