平台支撑的潜艇内部平面舱壁极限强度的模型试验研究

为了研究平台支撑的潜艇内部平面舱壁极限强度,根据实艇舱壁结构,按1∶2的缩尺比设计制作了一个舱壁模型,采用内压试验方法进行了模型极限承载能力的试验.利用国际通用的大型非线性有限元分析软件MSC/MARC,对舱壁模型进行了几何/材料的双重非线性的有限元分析,试验值与有限元分析计算值吻合良好.通过对模型试验结果的分析,得出了一些对指导潜艇平面舱壁结构设计有实用价值的结论.     

海上沉船碍航概率风险评估

为对我国沿海水域沉船进行科学的风险评估及处置决策,确保通航船舶水上安全和畅通,基于事件树方法分析了通航船舶碰撞沉船事故的发生过程和机理,建立了沉船碍航概率风险评估模型.假定通航船舶在航路中的航迹线服从正态分布,根据沉船位置确定了通航船舶驶入碰撞航路的几何概率.根据国内外事故资料确定通航船舶发生异常而避碰失败的基准偏航概率,并考虑了风、流、能见度和交通密度等因素进行修正.通过对实际沉船碍航特性的评估,验证了该方法对沉船管理和处置决策具有实用性和可操作性.     

Driver recognition of a run-over accident

If a driver passes over a pedestrian lying on the road and flees, it is considered a crime. In several cases, even if the driver fled and was arrested, he/she often asserts that they did not know that the victim was a human being. However, the investigation agency often believes that a driver can certainly recognize when he/she passes over a person. Accordingly, such cases frequently lead to disputes due to the lack of criteria for recognizing when a driver was involved in run-over accidents. In this study, tests were conducted both to identify if drivers can recognize whether their vehicles passed over a person and to examine how they feel at the time. A silicon dummy, which was manufactured to have the same characteristic as the human chest, was used in this study. According to the method specified in ISO2631, the vibration delivered to the driver was measured, and eighteen participants drove a vehicle over the silicon dummy to experience how the vibrations felt. When the passenger car for the test ran over the dummy at speeds ranging from 10 km/h to 60 km/h, all participants recognized the delivered vibration, and the VDV that was delivered to the participants ranged from 1.81 m/s ^1.75 to 2.38 m/s ^1.75. The participants thought that the object they drove over was a stone or a piece of wood. This indicates that the driver certainly can recognize the vibrations generated from passing over a human chest even though it feels like a solid object.     

PID plus fuzzy logic method for torque control in traction control system

A Traction Control System (TCS) is used to control the driving force of an engine to prevent excessive slip when a vehicle starts suddenly or accelerates. The torque control strategy determines the driving performance of the vehicle under various drive-slip conditions. This paper presents a new torque control method for various drive-slip conditions involving abrupt changes in the road friction. This method is based on a PID plus fuzzy logic controller for driving torque regulation, which consists of a PID controller and a fuzzy logic controller. The PID controller is the fundamental component that calculates the elementary torque for traction control. In addition, the fuzzy logic controller is the compensating component that compensates for the abrupt change in the road friction. The simulation results and the experimental vehicle tests have validated that the proposed controller is effective and robust. Compared with conventional PID controllers, the driving performance under the proposed controller is greatly improved.     

A novel adaptive algorithm with an IIR filter and a variable step size for active noise control in a short duct

The intake system in an automotive engine has a short duct compared with that of the exhaust system. The filtered-x LMS (FX-LMS) algorithm has been applied to the active noise control (ANC) system in a short acoustic duct. This algorithm design is based on the FIR (finite impulse response) filter; however, it has a slow convergence issue due to a large number of zero coefficients. To improve the convergence performance, the step size of the LMS algorithm was modified from fixed to variable. However, this algorithm is still not suitable for the ANC system of a short acoustic duct because the reference signal is affected by the backward acoustic wave propagated from a secondary source. Therefore, the recursive filtered-u LMS algorithm (FU-LMS) based on the infinite impulse response (IIR) is developed to consider backward acoustic propagation. Generally, this algorithm has a stability problem. The stability issue was improved using an error-smoothing filter. In this paper, the recursive LMS algorithm with a variable step size and smoothing error filter is designed. This recursive LMS algorithm, the FU-VSSLMS algorithm, uses an IIR filter. With fast convergence and good stability, this algorithm is suitable for the ANC system in a short acoustic duct, such as the intake system of an automotive engine. This algorithm is applied to the ANC system of a short acoustic duct. The disturbance signals used as primary noise source are a sinusoidal signal embedded in white noise and the chirp signal, which has a variable instantaneous frequency. The test results demonstrate that the FU-VSSLMS algorithm has a superior convergence performance when compared with the FX-LMS and FX-LMS algorithms. The algorithm can be successfully applied to the ANC system in a short duct, such as the intake duct.     

Optimization of intake port design for SI engine

It is well known that in-cylinder flow is very important factor for the performance of SI engine. An appropriate in-cylinder flow pattern can enhance the turbulence intensity at spark time, therefore increasing the stability of combustion, reducing emission and improving fuel economy. In this paper, the effect of intake port design on in-cylinder flow is studied. It is found a vortex existed at the upper side of intake port of a production SI engine used in the study, during the intake stroke, which will reduce both tumble ratio and volumetric efficiency. A minor modification on intake port is made to eliminate the vortex and increase tumble ratio while keeping volumetric efficiency at the same level. It is demonstrated that the increase in tumble in the new design results in a 20 per cent increase in the fuel vaporization. In this study, both KIVA and STAR-CD are used to simulate the engine cold flow, as well as ICEM CFD and es-ice used as pre-processor respectively due to the complexity of engine geometry. Simulation results from KIVA and STAR-CD are compared and analyzed.     

Robust design optimization of suspension system by using target cascading method

This study presents the robust design optimization process of suspension system for improving vehicle dynamic performance (ride comfort, handling stability). The proposed design method is so called target cascading method where the design target of the system is cascaded from a vehicle level to a suspension system level. To formalize the proposed method in the view of design process, the design problem structure of suspension system is defined as a (hierarchical) multilevel design optimization, and the design problem for each level is solved using the robust design optimization technique based on a meta-model. Then, In order to verify the proposed design concept, it designed suspension system. For the vehicle level, 44 random variables with 3% of coefficient of variance (COV) were selected and the proposed design process solved the problem by using only 88 exact analyses that included 49 analyses for the initial meta-model and 39 analyses for SAO. For the suspension level, 54 random variables with 10% of COV were selected and the optimal designs solved the problem by using only 168 exact analyses for the front suspension system. Furthermore, 73 random variables with 10% of COV were selected and optimal designs solved the problem by using only 252 exact analyses for the rear suspension system. In order to compare the vehicle dynamic performance between the optimal design model and the initial design model, the ride comfort and the handling stability was analyzed and found to be improved by 16% and by 37%, respectively. This result proves that the suggested design method of suspension system is effective and systematic.     

Integration of a single cylinder engine model and a boost system model for efficient numerical mapping of engine performance and fuel consumption

A numerical engine mapping methodology is proposed for the engine performance and fuel consumption map generation. An integrated model is developed by coupling a single cylinder GT-Power® engine model with a MATLAB/ Simulink® based boost system model to simulate a turbocharged diesel engine over the entire engine operating speed and load ranges within reasonable computational constraints. A single cylinder engine model with the built-in multi-zone combustion modeling option in GT-Power® is configured as a predictive engine model. The cycle averaged simulation result from the engine model is used as the boundary conditions of the boost system including intake and exhaust manifolds and a turbocharger. The boost system model developed in MATLAB/Simulink® platform calculates the intake and exhaust conditions which are fed back to the engine model. The integrated system model predicts the performance and fuel consumption of a turbocharged diesel engine with better predictive capability than mean value engine models. Its computational time is fast enough to simulate the engine over the entire engine operation range compared to multi-cylinder engine models.