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991.
R. L. Cosgriff H. H. Yeh 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》1975,4(4):249-271
The dynamic shuttle system treated in this paper consists of main line trains traveling at a fixed speed. Passengers are shuttled to and from these fixed speed trains by means of shuttle cars. The shuttle cars can provide local service and thus alleviating the need for stations along the route of the main line trains. The main line trains have a peak volume, depending upon operating speed which is an order of magnitude greater than existing modes. They provide high speed service to travelers in the belt traversed by the trains. 相似文献
992.
993.
Improved criteria are necessary to aid in determining awards of federal funds for metropolitan transit projects. Commuting is the main use for public transit. Thus a primary objective of an urban transit system should be to provide a flexible and balanced set of options to the workers in the metropolitan area for their journey to work. This paper discusses various facets of an appropriate balance among the three modes: rapid rail, bus, and automobile. Three cities are selected for further analysis: Baltimore, Kansas City, and Phoenix. These cities represent different stages in economic-transportation development, and also present different spatial patterns of residence and employment. The applicability of rapid rail transit to each city is examined in view of central city worker concentration and recent trends. 相似文献
994.
The Influences of the Built Environment and Residential Self-Selection on Pedestrian Behavior: Evidence from Austin, TX 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Pedestrian travel offers a wide range of benefits to both individuals and society. Planners and public health officials alike
have been promoting policies that improve the quality of the built environment for pedestrians: mixed land uses, interconnected
street networks, sidewalks and other facilities. Whether such policies will prove effective remains open to debate. Two issues
in particular need further attention. First, the impact of the built environment on pedestrian behavior may depend on the
purpose of the trip, whether for utilitarian or recreational purposes. Second, the connection between the built environment
and pedestrian behavior may be more a matter of residential location choice than of travel choice. This study aims to provide
new evidence on both questions. Using 1368 respondents to a 1995 survey conducted in six neighborhoods in Austin, TX, two
separate negative binomial models were estimated for the frequencies of strolling trips and pedestrian shopping trips within
neighborhoods. We found that although residential self-selection impacts both types of trips, it is the most important factor
explaining walking to a destination (i.e. for shopping). After accounting for self-selection, neighborhood characteristics
(especially perceptions of these characteristics) impact strolling frequency, while characteristics of local commercial areas
are important in facilitating shopping trips. 相似文献
995.
This paper offers a conceptual exploration of the potential impacts of ICTs on leisure activities and the associated travel.
We start by discussing what leisure is and is not. We point out that the boundaries between leisure, mandatory, and maintenance
activities are permeable, for three reasons: the multi-attribute nature of a single activity, the sequential interleaving
of activity fragments, and the simultaneous conduct of multiple activities (multitasking). We then discuss four kinds of ways
by which ICT can affect leisure activities and travel: the replacement of a traditional activity with an ICT counterpart,
the generation of new ICT activities (that may displace other activities), the ICT-enabled reallocation of time to other activities,
and ICT as a facilitator of leisure activities. We suggest 13 dimensions of leisure activities that are especially relevant
to the issue of ICT impacts: location (in)dependence, mobility-based versus stationary, time (in)dependence, planning horizon,
temporal structure and fragmentation, possible multitasking, solitary versus social activity, active versus passive participation,
physical versus mental, equipment/media (in)dependence, informal versus formal arrangements required, motivation, and cost.
The primary impact of ICT on leisure is to expand an individual’s choice set; however whether or not the new options will
be chosen depends on the attributes of the activity (such as the 13 identified dimensions), as well as those of the individual.
The potential transportation impacts when the new options are chosen are ambiguous. 相似文献
996.
Perforin is expressed mainly in activated cyto-toxic T lymphocytes (CTLs ) and natural killer(NK) cells. The human perforin gene has beencloned. The full length of its cDNA is l668bp, andthe mature HP protein is made up of 534 aminoacid residues with a molecular weight of 66Kd~75Kd. In CTLs and NK cells, perforin is stored incytoplasmic granules and is a major effector of cy-tolysis by these cells. Upon granules releasing,perforin monomers insert into the plasma mem-branes of target ce… 相似文献
997.
A new generation conical spray system for conventional diesel engines or premixed combustion diesel engines is introduced. By means of oriented impingement method, flexible spray penetration in design is realized. High-speed photograph was used to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics of the new spray for cases of different impingement angles and needle valve opening pressures. The results show that, by applying spray impingement orientation, fuel jets spread along the cone surface as shape of sectors, so the dispersion of jets is increased obviously. Changing on impingement angle leads to variation of penetration, which is critical in homogeneous mixture preparation. Due to the flexibility of spray penetration in design, the spray impingement on liner is avoided in a great extent. The results also indicate that higher needle valve opening pressure results in longer penetration and larger spray angle after impingement. Combustion characteristics of the impinged conical spray were studied in the 1135 type diesel engine. The new impinged conical spray system work smoothly in full load range with better fuel economy and lower emissions of NOx and soot than the original test engine. 相似文献
998.
LIU Yu-jun ZHU Xiu-li JI Zhuo-shang 《船舶与海洋工程学报》2005,4(3):13-17
The problem of ship hull plate processing surface fairing with constraints based on B-spline is solved in this paper. The algorithm for B-spline curve fairing with constraints is one of the most common methods in plane curve fairing. The algorithm can be applied to global and local curve fairing. It can constrain the perturbation range of the control points and the shape variation of the curve, and get a better fairing result in plane curves. In this paper, a new fairing algorithm with constraints for curves and surfaces in space is presented. Then this method is applied to the experiments of ship hull plate processing surface. Finally numerical results are obtained to show the efficiency of this method. 相似文献
999.
TAN Zhi-yong MU Yong ZHENG Hong-tao 《船舶与海洋工程学报》2005,4(3):42-46
A finite-rate method is used to simulate the three-dimensional combustion process in a plasma generator with CH4 as the fuel. The simulation was run with RNG k-ε model to simulate turbulence, with eddy-dissipation-concept (EDC) model to simulate the combustion and with discrete ordinates model to simulate radiation. The numerical results show that the flow field characteristics and the parameter distributions are under the condition of rich fuels, and these results provide valuable information when optimizing the plasma generator design and organizing its flow fields. 相似文献
1000.
提出电子客票在中国铁路旅客运输中的应用设想,分析了铁路电子客票的应用意义,并给出电子客票应用的发展策略. 相似文献