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161.
The widespread adoption of information and communication technologies (ICT) and flexible work arrangements have enabled people
to schedule their work activities in more flexible ways. New forms of working have already emerged. However, research about
flexible work schedules is still scarce. The aim of this study is to determine the factors impacting the propensity to adopt
a flexible work schedule, and establish how and to what extent the timing of work is influenced by ICTs, work, and sociodemographic
characteristics. The analysis suggests that work-related characteristics and ICT usage seem to be more important for work-schedule
flexibility than sociodemographic characteristics are. 相似文献
162.
Stefan Forster Robert Turnewitsch Martin Powilleit Stephan Werk Florian Peine Kai Ziervogel Michael Kersten 《Journal of Marine Systems》2009,75(3-4):360-370
Activities of the naturally occurring, short-lived and highly particle-reactive radionuclide tracer 234Th in the dissolved and particulate phase were measured at three shallow-water stations (maximum water depths: 15.6, 22.7 and 30.1 m) in Mecklenburg Bay (south-western Baltic Sea) to constrain the time scales of the dynamics and the depositional fate of particulate matter. Activities of particle-associated (> 0.4 μm) and total (particulate + dissolved) 234Th were in the range of 0.08–0.11 dpm L− 1 and 0.11–0.20 dpm L− 1, respectively. The activity ratio of total 234Th and its long-lived and conservative parent nuclide 238U was well below unity (range: 0.09–0.19) indicating substantial radioactive disequilibria throughout the water column, very dynamic trace-metal scavenging and particle export from the water column at all three stations. For the discussion the 234Th data of this study were combined with previously published water-column 234Th and particulate-matter data from Mecklenburg Bay (Kersten et al., 1998. Applied Geochemistry 13, 339–347). The resulting average vertical distribution of total 234Th/238U disequilibria was used to estimate the depositional 234Th flux to the sediment. There was a virtually constant net downward flux of 234Th of about 28 dpm m− 2 d− 1 leaving each water layer of one meter thickness. Thorium-234-derived net residence times of particulate material regarding settling from a given layer in the water column were typically on the order of days, but with maximum values of up to a couple of weeks. Based on an average ratio of particulate matter (PM) to particle-associated 234Th a net flux of about 145 mg PM m− 2 d− 1 was estimated to leave each water layer of one meter thickness. The estimated cumulative water-column-derived particulate-matter fluxes at the seafloor are higher by a factor of about 2 than previously published sediment-derived estimates for Mecklenburg Bay. This suggests that about half of the settling particulate material is exported from the study area and/or subject to processes such as mechanical breakdown, remineralisation and dissolution. Lateral particulate-matter redistribution and particle breakdown in the water column (as opposed to the sediment) seem to be favoured by (repeated) particle resuspension from and resettling to the seafloor before ultimate sedimentary burial. The importance of net lateral redistribution of particulate material seems to increase towards the seafloor and be particularly high within the bottommost few meters of the water column. 相似文献
163.
We propose a quantitative approach for calibrating and validating key features of traffic instabilities based on speed time series obtained from aggregated data of a series of neighboring stationary detectors. The approach can be used to validate models that are calibrated by other criteria with respect to their collective dynamics. We apply the proposed criteria to historic traffic databases of several freeways in Germany containing about 400 occurrences of congestions thereby providing a reference for model calibration and quality assessment with respect to the spatiotemporal dynamics. First tests with microscopic and macroscopic models indicate that the criteria are both robust and discriminative, i.e., clearly distinguishes between models of higher and lower predictive power. 相似文献
164.
Wireless ICTs are often used in public transport. Using survey data collected amongst 98 train travellers this article aims
to gain insight into important factors that affect train travellers’ intentions to communicate with distant others while travelling.
More specifically, the focus is on the decision-making process that leads to the intention to choose for a confidential conversation
either via ‘audible’ mobile phone or via ‘silent’ SMS/e-mail. An approach that is related to the Extended Model of Goal-directed
Behaviour (EMGB) is applied. Structural equation modelling results indicate that in particular past SMS behaviour, the desire
to communicate (goal desire), the perceived efficacy and controllability influence the intention to conduct a confidential
phone conversation in the train. The influence of the social environment (e.g. eavesdropping) seems to be less important.
Several EMGB constructs are strongly influenced by age. It seems that older respondents have more negative attitudes towards
telephoning while travelling by train, and find it more difficult to call other people in such a situation. Finally, they
have a lower intention than younger respondents to conduct a confidential conversation over the phone while travelling.
相似文献
Martin DijstEmail: |
165.
Martin Hassel Ingrid Bouwer Utne Jan Erik Vinnem 《WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs》2017,16(2):175-195
The Norwegian Petroleum Safety Authority (PSA) requires offshore petroleum operators on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) to perform risk assessments of impacts (allisions) between passing ships and offshore installations. These risk assessments provide a basis for defining the allision accidental load that the installation shall be designed for. Even though the risk of allision is small, the potential consequences can be catastrophic. In a worst-case scenario, an allision may result in the total loss of an installation. The ageing industry standard allision risk model, COLLIDE, calculates the risk of impacts between passing (non-field-related) ships and installations based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. Both the COLLIDE risk model and a new Bayesian allision risk model currently under development are highly sensitive to variations in vessels’ passing distances, especially close proximity passings. Allision risk assessments are typically performed during the design and development phase of an installation, which means that historical AIS data are used “as is”, disregarding future changes to the traffic pattern when the new installation is placed on a location. This article presents an empirical study of one of the most important variables used to calculate the risk of allision from passing vessels, namely passing distance. The study shows that merchant vessels alter course to achieve a safe passing distance to new surface offshore petroleum installations. This indicates that the results of current allision risk assessments are overly conservative. 相似文献
166.
We are living in a time of accelerating technological development, which affects us all in our professional and social lives. Using data obtained from a 2-day activity-travel-communication diary survey in the Utrecht?CAmersfoort?CHilversum region in the Netherlands, we enhance insight into the use of Information and Communication Technologies by professionals of different types. The multivariate analyses show that one quarter of the sample has traditional work arrangements with continuous work at one location and shows a relatively low use of electronic communication modes. Half the professionals are telecommuters-car commuters and have short face-to-face and email contacts or are telecommuters-public transport commuters who in contrast rely on emails and face-to-face contacts. The final quarter of the sample shows a highly fragmented temporal work pattern with intensive face-to-face and electronic contacts. 相似文献