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41.
Martin G. Richards 《Transportation》1974,3(4):335-342
This paper is intended to provide a general background to the two following papers, A Simultaneous Destination and Mode Choice Model for Shopping Trips and Some Estimation Results of a Simultaneous Model of Auto Ownership and Mode Choice to Work. Some of the deficiences of the conventional urban transport modelling system are reviewed and a case is made for the use of simultaneous models estimated with disaggregate data. 相似文献
42.
Abstract The increasing capacity of technological tools, as well as the advent of geographic information systems, has multiplied the ability to process large sets of microdata. At the same time, modeling concerns and the quest for a more in-depth understanding of individual behaviors is requiring more, and better, data. The gap between scientific modeling and informational tools for decision-making seems to be widening. In the Greater Montreal area, large sets of microdata have been available for more than 30 years. Along with the development of modeling and planning tools, particular attention has been given to the continuous enlightening of planners and decision-makers with respect to the outcomes of the various surveys. This has led to the development of particular interactive tools, specifically addressed at local planners, which present the most significant information regarding travel and demography, for geopolitically relevant areas. This paper presents the most recent interactive tool that has been developed for local planners in the Montreal area. It integrates information from both the most recent travel survey held in the region and the Canadian census. It offers both ease of use and relevant analytical means to assist in exploring the complex relations between spatial locations, demographic features, and activity-travel indicators. 相似文献
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An extended open system such as traffic flow is said to be convectively unstable if perturbations of the stationary state grow but propagate in only one direction, so they eventually leave the system. By means of data analysis, simulations, and analytical calculations, we give evidence that this concept is relevant for instabilities of congested traffic flow. We analyze detector data from several hundred traffic jams and propose estimates for the linear growth rate, the wavelength, the propagation velocity, and the severity of the associated bottleneck that can be evaluated semi-automatically. Scatter plots of these quantities reveal systematic dependencies. On the theoretical side, we derive, for a wide class of microscopic and macroscopic traffic models, analytical criteria for convective and absolute linear instabilities. Based on the relative positions of the stability limits in the fundamental diagram, we divide these models into five stability classes which uniquely determine the set of possible elementary spatiotemporal patterns in open systems with a bottleneck. Only two classes, both dominated by convective instabilities, are compatible with observations. By means of approximate solutions of convectively unstable systems with sustained localized noise, we show that the observed spatiotemporal phenomena can also be described analytically. The parameters of the analytical expressions can be inferred from observations, and also (analytically) derived from the model equations. 相似文献
45.
Transportation - Inferring trip destination in smart card data with only tap-in control is an important application. Most existing methods estimate trip destinations based on the continuity of trip... 相似文献
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47.
Martin Kreuzer 《汽车与配件》2009,(9):26-27
汽车零部件供应商、高校研究者和政府机构。正以分享先进技术的方式,共同探寻拯救生命的安全技术。 相似文献
48.
Christian Hofer Martin E. Dresner Robert J. Windle 《Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment》2010,15(1):37-45
This study investigates how air traffic emissions taxes may impact carbon emissions in the US. The magnitude of emissions savings in the US domestic airline industry that would result from lower demand for air travel as taxes are levied and air fares increase is estimated. At the same time, the air-automobile substitution effect is considered and it is argued that some air travelers may divert to automobiles, thus increasing automobile carbon emissions. Both the analysis of the aggregate US domestic airline industry and the study of a sample of US domestic route markets indicate that potentially sizeable increases in automobile traffic and related emissions may substantially reduce the environmental benefits of air travel carbon emissions taxes. In some instances, carbon emissions may even increase in short-haul markets. Sensitivity analyses are performed to demonstrate the robustness of these findings. 相似文献
49.
Choices among alternative transit capital investments are often complex and politically controversial. There is renewed interest
in the use of performance indicators to assist in making rational and defensible choices for the investment of public funds.
To improve the evaluation of rail and bus performance and provide more useful information for transit investment decision-makers,
it is important to use performance indicators that fairly and efficiently compare different transit modes. This paper proposes
a set of inter-modal performance indicators in which service input, service output, and service consumption are measured by
total cost, revenue capacity miles/hours, and unlinked passenger trips/miles respectively based on economic principles and
evaluation objectives. The proposed improvements involve the inclusion of capital as well as operating costs in such comparisons,
and the recognition of the widely varying capacities of transit vehicles for seated and standing passengers. Two California
cases, the Los Angeles – Long Beach Corridor and the Market/Judah Corridor in San Francisco, are used for testing their usefulness
in the evaluation of the efficiency and effectiveness of rail and bus services. The results show substantial differences between
performance indicators in current use and those proposed in this study. The enhanced inter-modal performance indicators are
more appropriate for comparing the efficiency and effectiveness of different modes or a combination of transit modes at the
corridor and system levels where most major investment decisions are made.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
50.