Advanced Control Methods of Active Suspension

This paper describes new control methods for the active suspension. For improving ride comfort further, preview control rule is proposed. For improving stability further, roll stiffness distribution control rule is examined by the test vehicle. Simulations and vehicle driving tests are conducted to confirm the effect of these new control methods. The results of simulations and vehicle driving tests show in our research phase that preview control can achieve a substantial improvement in ride comfort and application of roll stiffness distribution control provides a large improvement in stability     

Geometric-based tyre vertical force estimation and stiffness parameterisation for automotive and unmanned vehicle applications

Advanced empirical, and physical-based tyre models have proven to be accurate for simulating tyre dynamics; however, these tyre models typically require expensive and intensive tyre parameterisation. Recent research into wheeled unmanned ground vehicles requiring vertical force analysis has shown good results using a simple linear spring model for the tyre which demonstrate the continued use for simple tyre models; however, parameterisation of the tyre still remains a challenge when load test equipment is not available. This paper presents a cost-effective tyre vertical stiffness parameterisation procedure using only measured tyre geometry and air pressure for applications where high-fidelity tyre models are unnecessary. Vertical forces calculated through an air volume optimisation approach are used to estimate tyre vertical stiffness. Nine tyres from the literature are compared to evaluate the performance of the vertical force estimation and stiffness parameterisation algorithms. Experimental results on a pair of ATV tyres are also presented.     

Lubricating performance of carbon nanotubes in internal combustion engines – engine test results for CNT enriched oil

The main purpose of this research is to reduce friction losses by adding carbon nanotubes to engine oil. Extremely favorable tribological properties of carbon nanotubes have been extensively studied on the microscopic scale and using tribometers, have not yet been verified in the engine. Enriching oil with nanotubes can lead to significant, exceeding 7 %, reduction in the motoring torque of the engine at low crankshaft rotational speed. The phenomena associated with the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in the engine are stated and discussed. It has been shown that the oil shear during normal operation of the engine can effectively improve the dispersion of nanotubes. At the same time the oil filtration system removes agglomerates of nanotubes very quickly.     

提升北京城市轨道交通一体化发展策略研究

近年来,北京城市轨道交通建设发展速度加快,对缓解交通拥堵、提升公共交通出行效率、提高交通出行的准时性起到重要作用,但在一体化方面还存在不足。通过对北京城市轨道交通一体化进行专项调查研究,选取110个轨道站点,获取线下调查样本2 400份、线上调查样本约1 000份,系统分析北京市轨道交通一体化和便利性的现状。针对调查分析结论,提出提升轨道交通一体化的对策建议:加强初始统一规划设计,优化交通枢纽布局和运营衔接,深化既有站点服务水平,推动站点接驳功能修补等。     

EXPRESSION CLONING OF A PROTECTIVE LEISHMANIA ANTIGEN

ＥＸＰＲＥＳＳＩＯＮＣＬＯＮＩＮＧＯＦＡＰＲＯＴＥＣＴＩＶＥＬＥＩＳＨＭＡＮＩＡＡＮＴＩＧＥＮＥ．Ｍｏｕｇｎｅａｕ，Ｆ．Ａｌｔａｒｓ，Ａ．Ｅ．Ｗａｋｉｌ，ＺｈｅｎｇＳｈｉｃｈｕｎ；Ｔ．Ｃｏｐｐｏｌａ，Ｚ．Ｗａｎｇ，Ｒ．Ｗａｌｄｍａｎｎ，Ｒ．Ｍ．Ｌｏｃ...     

REVERSAL OF THE DOUBLE－STRANDED－RNA－INDUCED INHIBITION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS BY A CATALYTICALLY INACTIVE MUTANT OF THE PROTEIN

ＲＥＶＥＲＳＡＬＯＦＴＨＥＤＯＵＢＬＥ－ＳＴＲＡＮＤＥＤ－ＲＮＡ－ＩＮＤＵＣＥＤＩＮＨＩＢＩＴＩＯＮＯＦＰＲＯＴＥＩＮＳＹＮＴＨＥＳＩＳＢＹＡＣＡＴＡＬＹＴＩＣＡＬＬＹＩＮＡＣＴＩＶＥＭＵＴＡＮＴＯＦＴＨＥＰＲＯＴＥＩＮ　ＫＩＮＡＳＥＰＫＲＴｙｓｏｎ...     

Opportunities for a state‐federal partnership in an expanded territorial sea

Abstract

The United States currently has a 3‐mile territorial sea limit which is under the jurisdiction of coastal states. In the event the United States joins with other countries in adopting a 12‐mile territorial sea, Congress may consider extending state jurisdiction to 12 miles. It may be in the best interest of coastal states to oppose extension and instead support a strengthened federal‐state ocean management regime which disregards boundary lines and is based on the sharing of outer continental shelf leasing revenues along with a guaranteed role for coastal states in federal decision‐making.     

High-Speed Rail Operations on an Existing Network: An Assessment Model for China

High-speed rail operations have the potential to reduce the long-term decline in rail passenger travel demand for the medium to long distance inter-urban markets. Such decline has been evident through most of the industrialized countries where air and road transport tend to be the dominant modes. In China, the operations of long distance high-speed rail on fully dedicated track is not very easy to implement, due to the high proportion of passengers who travel between high-speed and conventional railways. An alternative approach would be to allow for mixed operations with trains of various speeds on the same track. This article puts forward a simulation model designed to allow an evaluation of the most efficient distance for high-speed rail operations under mixed train speed scenarios. The model takes into account the main operating parameters such as passenger volumes, train speeds, capital and maintenance costs, train operating costs and energy consumption. The distance of high-speed train running on conventional rail that will yield the most economic benefit can be estimated using the model. The article includes the results of using the model for a specific example. It is concluded that large-scale high-speed trains have the potential to be successfully operated on conventional rail networks.     

Ranking of factors contributing to higher performance in the ocean transportation industry: a multi-attribute utility theory approach

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) signed by Canada, the U.S.A. and Mexico and which came into effect on 1 January 1994, is a significant move towards further integration of the North American economies. This paper examines the likely impact of NAFTA on Canadian ports. Three channels of impact are identified. First, there are direct impacts on trade flows between Canada and its North American trading partners. In this regard we find that ports do not typically handle the types of products that are likely to be affected by NAFTA, and so the direct impacts may be minimal. Second, and more significantly, port catchment areas are likely to undergo substantial changes as they respond to a more competitive environment within the free trade area. Third, the transportation sector has itself been included in NAFTA, and Canadian ports will face increased competition from land based transportation modes. We conclude that ports in Canada must learn to work more consciously as agents of regional economic development.     

Low-aspect ratio appendages for wind-assisted ships

Journal of Marine Science and Technology - Wind propulsion for commercial ships has been identified as a key component in the energy transition for the maritime industry. The sailing hybrid ship...