Road boundaries can give useful information for evaluating safe vehicle paths in intelligent vehicles. Much previous research has studied road boundary detection, using different types of sensors such as vision, radar, and lidar. Lidar sensors, in particular, show advantages for road boundary extraction including high resolution and wide field of view. However, none of the previous studies examined the problem of detecting road boundaries when roads could be either structured or unstructured. In this study, we developed a road boundary detection and tracking algorithm using lidar sensing for both structured and unstructured roads. The algorithm extracts road features as line segments in polar coordinates relative to the lidar sensor. The extracted road features are then tracked with respect to a vehicle’s local coordinates using a nearest neighbor filter. The proposed algorithm accurately detected the road boundaries regardless of the road type. 相似文献
Rubber gaskets are used widely in many industries. An evaluation of the material properties and an accurate lifetime prediction of rubber are very important in the design process to ensure the durability and reliability of rubber components. The properties of rubber-like materials are sensitive to ambient conditions, such as temperature, environment and mechanical load. Moreover, the initial properties of rubber gaskets must be sustained under working conditions to maintain its sealing function. To perform tests within a reasonable time, the highly accelerated life test (HALT) is generally used to predict the long-term lifetime of rubber materials. Polyacrylate (ACM) with chlorine cure sites is generally used for engine head gaskets. An ACM with carboxyl cure sites was developed to improve the lifetime of the gaskets. A four-parameter method representing the recovery behavior of the gaskets was published recently, and two revised methods for obtaining the recovery were proposed. The mean squared errors (MSEs) of the regression methods and experimental data were compared. The life of a gasket for the target recovery (60%) of a compressed gasket was calculated somewhat differently depending on the selected regression model to predict a considerably different long-term life. The parameters in the regression models were obtained using the successive zooming genetic algorithm (SZGA), and the lives of ACM with a carboxyl cure site and ACM with a chlorine cure site were compared. 相似文献
Assessing machine’s performance through comparing the same or similar machines is important to implement intelligent maintenance
for swarm machine. In this paper, an outlier mining based abnormal machine detection algorithm is proposed for this purpose.
Firstly, the outlier mining based on clustering is introduced and the definition of cluster-based global outlier factor (CBGOF)
is presented. Then the modified swarm intelligence clustering(MSIC) algorithm is suggested and the outlier mining algorithm
based on MSIC is proposed. The algorithm can not only cluster machines according to their performance but also detect possible
abnormal machines. Finally, a comparison of mobile soccer robots’ performance proves the algorithm is feasible and effective. 相似文献
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a vehicle that combines a conventional propulsion system with an on-board rechargeable
energy storage system to achieve better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle HEVs do not have limited ranges like battery
electric vehicles, which use batteries charged by an external source. The different propulsion power systems may have common
subsystems or components. The objective of this study is to compare the fuel economies of a conventional step van, a series
hybrid electric step van (HESV), and a parallel HESV by calculating the fuel consumption using the ADVISOR software by NREL.
We also showed the results of the vehicles in different driving cycles including the Central Business District bus cycles,
the New York City Cycle, and the US EPA City and Highway cycles. 相似文献
In this study, a parallel flow condenser and laminated evaporator for an automotive air-conditioning system were modified
to improve performance. Gas-liquid separation type condensers, in which the condenser and receiver drier are integrated, and
one-tank laminated type evaporators were developed, and their performances were investigated experimentally using HFC-134a.
Heat transfer characteristics in the condenser are examined by means of air temperature, air velocity entering the condenser
and inlet pressure of the refrigerant; heat transfer characteristics in the evaporator are examined by means of air temperature,
relative humidity, flow rate of air, outlet pressure of refrigerant and superheat. Pressure drops for both evaporator and
condenser are also measured, and correlations for pressure drop are derived for the condenser and evaporator, respectively.
Air velocity and mass flow rate of the refrigerant have a significant effect on the overall heat transfer coefficient, and
flow pass is not significantly influenced by the cooling capacity of the condenser. The overall heat transfer coefficient
of the evaporator increases as air flow rate, air temperature and relative humidity increases. 相似文献
A double-quenching (D/Q) process is proposed for heat-treating high carbon-chromium bearing steels to improve the fatigue
properties through refinement of the microstructure. The new heat treatment method has two steps: The first step is a nitrocarburizing
process that results in high surface hardness and lowers the transformation temperature. The second step is the same as in
the conventional quenching process but can be conducted at a considerably lower temperature than in conventional quenching.
The microstructure in the material that is caused by the D/Q heat treatment is much finer than in the conventional Q/T (quenching
and tempering) process. In order to quantify the performance of the proposed heat-treatment process, various mechanical property
tests are carried out. The rolling contact fatigue life of double-quenched bearing steels was eight times higher than in bearing
steels that were treated by conventional Q/T. 相似文献
This paper studies the impact of removing the level crossing, which constitutes traffic hazard to the society, on house prices by conducting a quasi-natural experiment using the Level Crossing Removal Project (LXRP) implemented by the Victoria state government in Australia since 2015. Using a difference-in-differences method, we analyzed the changes in housing prices due to the improvement of transportation infrastructure, gauging the LXRP’s impact on house and unit submarkets separately. We found that the prices for house and unit markets increased significantly after the removal of level crossings, with the value uplift decreasing with distance from the removal site. This paper contributes to the existing literature by adding an empirical study related to the enhancement of infrastructure aiming to improve the traffic safety in the urban context. Unlike previous studies, this study examines the effect of improvement projects for existing infrastructure and provides relevant implications to improve the efficiency of investing public resources in infrastructure improvement.