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301.
Dynamics of inorganic nutrient species in the Bohai seawaters 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
J. Zhang Z. G. Yu T. Raabe S. M. Liu A. Starke L. Zou H. W. Gao U. Brockmann 《Journal of Marine Systems》2004,44(3-4):189
Within the frame of a Sino-German Joint Research Program, two cruises of “R/V Dong Fang Hong 2” were carried out in September–October 1998 and April–May 1999, respectively, to understand the dynamics of nutrients in the Bohai. Nutrient species (NO3−, NO2−, NH4+, PO43− and SiO32−) are determined colorimetrically on board for five anchor and 30 grid stations. In situ incubation experiments are performed to determine planktonic nutrient uptake and benthic exchange flux. Nutrient concentrations display short-term variability and seasonal change in the Bohai, with higher levels in shallow coastal waters than in the Central Bohai. The influence of riverine discharge on nutrient levels can be seen from salinity isopleths, nutrient distribution and species ratios. Near-bottom (nb) waters have similar nutrient concentrations as to the surface waters in the Central Bohai, whereas stratification takes place in the Bohai Strait and North Yellow Sea. In situ incubation experiments provide evidence that the uptake ratio (i.e. N, P) by phytoplankton is proportional to the ratios among nutrient species in ambient waters. Based on the data of this study and previously publications, a preliminary estimate of nutrient budgets via riverine input and atmospheric deposition is established. The results indicate that atmospheric deposition gains importance over rivers in delivering nutrients into the Bohai and sustain the new production, following recent decrease in riverine inflow caused by drought periods in North China and damming practices. A historical review of nutrient data indicates that concentrations of nitrogen increase and phosphorus and silica decrease in the Central Bohai over last 40 years. This potentially has an important influence on the health of ecosystem in Bohai (e.g. food web and community structure), though further study is needed to examine the scenario in more detail. 相似文献
302.
John A. Hall Christopher P. Weaver Jayantha Obeysekera Mark Crowell Radley M. Horton Robert E. Kopp 《Coastal management》2019,47(2):127-150
Sea-level rise (SLR) is not just a future trend; it is occurring now in most coastal regions across the globe. It thus impacts not only long-range planning in coastal environments, but also emergency preparedness. Its inevitability and irreversibility on long time scales, in addition to its spatial non-uniformity, uncertain magnitude and timing, and capacity to drive non-stationarity in coastal flooding on planning and engineering timescales, create unique challenges for coastal risk-management decision processes. This review assesses past United States federal efforts to synthesize evolving SLR science in support of coastal risk management. In particular, it outlines the: (1) evolution in global SLR scenarios to those using a risk-based perspective that also considers low-probability but high-consequence outcomes, (2) regionalization of the global scenarios, and (3) use of probabilistic approaches. It also describes efforts to further contextualize regional scenarios by combining local mean sea-level changes with extreme water level projections. Finally, it offers perspectives on key issues relevant to the future uptake, interpretation, and application of sea-level change scenarios in decision-making. These perspectives have utility for efforts to craft standards and guidance for preparedness and resilience measures to reduce the risk of coastal flooding and other impacts related to SLR. 相似文献
303.
Sánchez-Caja Antonio Martio Jussi Viitanen Ville M. Siikonen Timo 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2021,26(4):1014-1025
Journal of Marine Science and Technology - This paper presents a procedure for the estimation of propeller effective wakes in oblique flows. It shows how a recently developed method for controlling... 相似文献
304.
Patel Hersila H. Messiah Sarah E. Hansen Eric D’Agostino Emily M. 《Transportation》2021,48(5):2315-2333
Transportation - Transportation vulnerability, defined as lack of access to transportation resulting in financial, social, or health consequences, reduces quality of life. While research has... 相似文献
305.
许萌萌张成伟梅顺峰刘子杰栾天宇 《中国舰船研究》2022,(6):79-87
[目的]为提升舰船机舱运维的智能化水平,针对机舱设备种类多、数量大、耦合关系复杂等特点,梳理机舱运维智能化应用的技术路线,开发船岸一体化机舱智能运维系统。[方法]首先,分析国内外机舱智能运维技术的发展趋势,融合利用健康管理、大数据挖掘、数字孪生、数据轻量化传输等技术优势;然后,设计符合舰船机舱特点的一体化智能运维系统。[结果]提出了一种基于数据大脑赋能的机舱智能运维系统功能框架、平台设计、运行体系、运行流程及关键技术应用。[结论]研究成果可为舰船机舱智能运维系统设计及应用实践提供参考。 相似文献
306.
Evrard M. Claessens 《Maritime Policy and Management》1989,16(2):109-121
Port investments are generally analysed one project at a time, often within a set of relevant scenario alternatives. Sometimes the issue consists in assessing a combination of complementary projects at different locations, such as may be the case in addressing the feasibility of comprehensive jetty programmes in inter-island shipping. These alternatives can be evaluated by the so-called 'warehouse approach' of business logistics, as is exemplified in the present exercise. 相似文献
307.
S.T.H. Jansen J.J.M. Van Oosten 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》1995,24(4):343-363
In the scope of the European Prometheus project a passenger car with active rear wheel steering was developed by TNO in cooperation with PSA. During development and engineering of the rear wheel steering system simulation tools have been used to reduce development costs. This paper describes the evaluation of different simulation models, from simple to complex, with results of full vehicle driving tests. The optimal balance for model complexity and accuracy was achieved with a 2-dimensional model with an added roll degree of freedom. The results show that validation using time responses can give ambiguous and inaccurate results, and that frequency response functions are much more usable in validation. 相似文献
308.
This paper summarizes work undertaken towards development and calibration of a model to predict the distribution of rail freight traffic among competing routes. The model is designed for use in analyzing the traffic effects of changes in the level-of-service on selected rail lines. The model predicts route shares based on the overall network configuration of each railroad participating in a given market. The model selects feasible routes, discards those routes which appear to be too circuitous or costly, and then assigns traffic to the remaining routes in accordance with several network characteristics. It is designed to be sensitive to level-of-service changes, and to simulate the response of shippers and railroads to a competitive environment. A multiple route-finding algorithm was used to find possible routes based on the number of railroads operating at the originating and terminating end of a market. Multiple routes were determined and matched with observed traffic flows from the ICC One-Percent Waybill Sample. Physical network characteristics for each route, including distance, junction frequency, and “impedance,” were calculated from the network model and were correlated with the traffic share observed on each route in the market. A two-stage model was developed to find feasible routes from the set of possible routes and to allocate traffic to feasible routes based on levels-of-service. The model was calibrated on 9,793 routes from 1,199 markets with twenty or more carloads from the 1977 One-Percent Carload Waybill Sample. Model calibration supported the hypothesis that network route characteristics did indeed influence shipper choice of route, and that a normative model could be used to assess relative attractiveness of routes under various railroad corporate ownership restructuring scenarios. 相似文献
309.
310.
Recent interpretations of carbon flux data and deep-sea processes have led to a reconsideration of the role of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in supporting water column remineralization and other mid-water biogeochemical transformations (Suzuki et al., 1985; Cho and Azam, 1988; Karl et al., 1988; Christensen et al., 1989; Naqvi and Shailaja, 1993). To date, there have been no direct comparisons of particulate carbon flux data with water column metabolic rates. Here, for the first time, particulate carbon flux and respiratory electron transport activity (from which metabolic CO2 production is derived), have been monitored simultaneously for one year in the same area of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. In the aphotic layer (200–1000 m), particulate organic carbon (POC) can support only 20% of the overall organic matter remineralization. Remineralization rates are consistent with recent calculations of DOC exported from the euphotic layer in this area, confirming the vital importance of DOC in maintaining deep-water metabolism. This finding would apply to other regions of mesotrophic and oligotrophic production and thus affect our understanding of carbon recycling in the water column, new production and O2 utilization. 相似文献