Minimum resistance ship hull uncertainty optimization design based on simulation-based design method

In the ship hull optimization design based on simulation-based design (SBD) technology, low precision of the approximate model leads to an uncertainty form of optimization model. In order to enable the approximate model with finite precision to maximize the effectiveness, uncertainty optimization method is introduced here. Wave resistance coefficient approximation model, built by back propagation (BP) neural network, is represented as a form of interval. Afterwards, a minimum resistance optimization model is established with the design space constituted by principal dimensions and ship form coefficients. Double-level nested optimization architecture is proposed: for outer layer, improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm with learning factor improvement strategy is used to generate design variables, and for inner layer, modified very fast simulated annealing (MVFSA) algorithm is used to solve the objective function interval with uncertainty region. Cases calculation proves the effectiveness and superiority of uncertainty optimization method for ship hull SBD optimization design, thus providing a good way for finding optimal designs.     

A dynamic linear model for the estimation of time‐varying origin–destination matrices from link counts

We propose a dynamic linear model (DLM) for the estimation of day‐to‐day time‐varying origin–destination (OD) matrices from link counts. Mean OD flows are assumed to vary over time as a locally constant model. We take into account variability in OD flows, route flows, and link volumes. Given a time series of observed link volumes, sequential Bayesian inference is applied in order to estimate mean OD flows. The conditions under which mean OD flows may be estimated are established, and computational studies on two benchmark transportation networks from the literature are carried out. In both cases, the DLM converged to the unobserved mean OD flows when given sufficient observations of traffic link volumes despite assuming uninformative prior OD matrices. We discuss limitations and extensions of the proposed DLM. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Measuring the energy efficiency for airlines under the pressure of being included into the EU ETS

In 2008, European Union (EU) announced that from 2012, each international flight taking off and landing in EU would be given an emission permit. Therefore, the period of 2008–2012 can be regarded as a buffer period for global airlines. Although EU formally decides to exclude non‐EU airlines from the EU Emission Trading System on March 4, 2014, it is necessary to investigate the impacts of the policy on airline energy efficiency in this period. Airline energy efficiency is divided into three stages—operations stage, service stage, and sales stage—and Greenhouse gas emission is treated as an undesirable output of service stage. Two models, network range‐adjusted measure model with weak disposability and network range‐adjusted measure model with strong disposability, are established to evaluate the efficiencies of 22 international airlines from 2008 to 2012. The results show that (i) most airlines' efficiencies have decreased in the period, and the EU Emission Trading System is not effective for the efficiency improvement; (ii) the average efficiency of European airlines is almost the same as that of non‐European airlines; and (iii) the model with weak disposability is more reasonable in distinguishing efficiency differences, while strong disposability is a more reasonable way in treating undesirable outputs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Train design features affecting boarding and alighting of passengers

Accurately predicting train dwell time is critical to running an effective and efficient service. With high‐density passenger services, large numbers of passengers must be able to board and alight the train quickly – and within scheduled dwell times. Using a specially constructed train mock‐up in a pedestrian movement laboratory, the experiments outlined in this paper examine the impact of train carriage design factors such as door width, seat type, platform edge doors and horizontal gap on the time taken by passengers to board and alight. The findings illustrate that the effectiveness of design features depends on whether there are a majority of passengers boarding or alighting. An optimum door width should be between 1.7 and 1.8 m. The use of a central pole and platform edge doors produced no major effects, but a 200 mm horizontal gap could increase the movement of passengers. There is no clear effect of the type of seats and neither the standbacks between 50, 300 and 500 mm. Further research will look for the relationship between the dwell time and the characteristics of passengers such as personal space. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Urban traffic flow prediction: a spatio‐temporal variable selection‐based approach

Short‐term traffic flow prediction in urban area remains a difficult yet important problem in intelligent transportation systems. Current spatio‐temporal‐based urban traffic flow prediction techniques trend aims to discover the relationship between adjacent upstream and downstream road segments using specific models, while in this paper, we advocate to exploit the spatial and temporal information from all available road segments in a partial road network. However, the available traffic states can be high dimensional for high‐density road networks. Therefore, we propose a spatio‐temporal variable selection‐based support vector regression (VS‐SVR) model fed with the high‐dimensional traffic data collected from all available road segments. Our prediction model can be presented as a two‐stage framework. In the first stage, we employ the multivariate adaptive regression splines model to select a set of predictors most related to the target one from the high‐dimensional spatio‐temporal variables, and different weights are assigned to the selected predictors. In the second stage, the kernel learning method, support vector regression, is trained on the weighted variables. The experimental results on the real‐world traffic volume collected from a sub‐area of Shanghai, China, demonstrate that the proposed spatio‐temporal VS‐SVR model outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

特殊条件下矩形薄壁空心高墩墩身施工技术

沪蓉国道主干线湖北沪蓉西（宜昌至恩施）高速公路支井河特大桥主桥为1×430m上承式钢管混凝土拱桥,为当时世界上同类桥梁跨径最大者,其交界墩为双柱式钢筋混凝土矩形薄壁空心墩。对施工所采用的内、外脚手架,缆索起重机提升翻模,混凝土浇筑的施工方案的比选,施工工艺,质量标准及技术要求进行了系统介绍。     

桥梁地震碰撞反应研究与发展

桥梁在地震中的碰撞反应不容忽视,文章综述了国内外桥梁地震碰撞的模拟方法以及各种形式桥梁结构的地震碰撞近期研究进展,归纳了桥梁碰撞的条件和影响因素,介绍了减轻桥梁结构地震碰撞方法和防落梁措施的主要研究成果,并对桥梁地震碰撞反应的进一步研究作了展望。     

爆炸法制备钛基体羟基磷灰石涂层试验研究

采用爆炸法制备了钛基体羟基磷灰石涂层，利用热力学和爆轰波原理获得爆炸的各种参数，用爆轰波理论分析了试验的结果。由于曲面波的原因，造成涂层不均匀、试件变形较大，而含铝复合涂层较为均匀。为制备稳定的钛基体羟基磷灰石涂层提供了一种新方法。     

盾构施工引起的地层变形分析

针对地铁盾构施工的地层变形特征,分析引起地层变形的因素和变形机理,介绍地层变形预测分析方法,结合广州地铁具体实例,对地铁盾构隧道施工中地层变形进行了预测和分析,提出了盾构前方的隆陷控制、盾构通过时的沉降、固结沉降的控制等控制地层变形措施。     

轻型汽车CO2排放测量不确定度评定

CO₂排放是汽车污染物排放检测的一项重要技术指标,它表征的是汽车排出污染物的多少和车辆能耗高低的参考标准之一,用以控制汽车使用中产生的污染物排放量,避免对环境产生损害。按照GB 18352.6-2016《轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国第六阶段)》的规定使用全球统一的轻型车测试循环工况进行常温下冷启动后污染物排放试验,并对测量结果进行不确定度评定。文章阐述了轻型汽油车CO₂排放测试所用的测试原理、法规工况曲线、测试设备、数学模型等,通过分析影响试验结果的各因素来源,综合计算得出轻型车CO₂排放测试结果的扩展不确定度和相对扩展不确定度。