Evaluating Boating Safety Risk in Intracoastal Waterways

Growth in the number of recreational vessels that use inland and coastal waterways, coupled with the diversity of boating activities, results in increased boating-related conflicts, accidents, and fatalities. This situation has led to numerous requests from boaters, shorefront property owners, waterfront businesses, and local governments for the imposition and enforcement of boating safety speed zones within Florida's Intracoastal Waterways. A decision-support framework that incorporates Geographic Information Systems (GIS)–based risk assessment was developed to assist the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission's Division of Law Enforcement evaluate requests and applications for the establishment of boating safety zones, pursuant to the Florida Administrative Code Rule 68-D-23.105 “Criteria for Approval of Regulatory Markers.” The risk assessment uses geospatial data compiled from multiple government agencies, survey data from subject matter experts, and public input from participatory workshops. Relevant spatial data includes waterway features and marine infrastructure from field surveys, vessel traffic patterns observed and mapped from aerial reconnaissance, and indicators of boater behaviors extracted from accident and citation reports. The outcome is a characterization of waterway segments according to perceived risk to boating safety. The application was tested in two Florida counties and it helped guide the establishment of new, and the revision of existing, boating regulatory zones within their Intracoastal Waterways. The application design is such that it is adaptable to waterways beyond those in Florida.     

The safety ladder: developing an evidence-based safety management strategy for small road transport companies

Traffic accidents account for between 20% and 40% of work-related accidents in industrial countries, and research indicates that road transport companies often have little focus on organisational safety management (OSM). There is thus a huge and largely untapped road safety potential in improving the safety of people who drive in their work, by focusing on OSM. Road transport companies in European countries are often small, however, with limited resources in terms of time, financial resources and competence on road safety. The main aim of the present article is therefore to develop an OSM strategy for small road transport companies. Based on a systematic literature review, taking Norwegian research as its point of departure, the article concludes that four measures seem to be most realistic for small goods-transport businesses, and that these measures seem to have the greatest safety potential. These four measures can be arranged on a ladder, where businesses start at the lowest and most basic level, before proceeding to the next step. While our stepwise safety-ladder approach has not been validated, it is expected that further research would confirm the value of the strategy proposed.     

Residential mobility and location choice: a nested logit model with sampling of alternatives

Residential mobility and relocation choice are essential parts of integrated transportation and land use models. These decision processes have been examined and modeled individually to a great extent but there remain gaps in the literature on the underlying behaviors that connect them. Households may partly base their decision to move from or stay at a current location on the price and quality of the available alternatives. Conversely, households that are on the market for a new location may evaluate housing choices relative to their previous residence. How and the degree to which these decisions relate to each other are, however, not completely understood. This research is intended to contribute to the body of empirical evidence that will help answer these questions. It is hypothesized that residential mobility and location choice are related household decisions that can be modeled together using a two-tier hierarchical structure. This paper presents a novel nested logit (NL) model with sampling of alternatives and a proposed procedure for sampling bias correction. The model was estimated using full-information maximum likelihood estimation methods. The results confirm the applicability of this NL model and support similar findings from other empirical studies in the residential mobility and location choice literature.     

Optimal transport strategies for European cities

A new procedure for generating optimal transport strategies has been applied in nine European cities. A public sector objective function which reflects concerns over efficiency, environmental impact, finance and sustainability is specified and a set of policy measures with acceptable ranges on each, identified. Optimal strategies based on combinations of these policy measures which generate the optimal value of the objective function, are identified, and compared between cities. Resulting policy recommendations are presented. The results demonstrate the importance of an integrated approach to transport strategy formulation. They emphasise the role of changes in public transport service levels and of fares, and of charges for car use. By contrast, new infrastructure projects are less frequently justified. In the majority of cities the revenues from car use charges are sufficient to finance other elements in the strategy. However, private sector involvement either in initial financing or in operation may be desirable. Revised objective functions to reflect private sector involvement are specified, and optimal strategies with private sector operation of public transport are also identified. The requirement to meet private sector rates of return for public transport operation typically results in lower frequencies and higher fares; charges for car use then need to be raised to satisfy public policy objectives, but system performance is reduced. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

THE EFFECTS OF ARGATROBAN ON THROMBIN INDUCED CEREBROVASCULAR THROMBOEMBOLISM IN RABBITS

Ｔｈｒｏｍｂｏｅｍｂｏｌｉｃｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓａｒｅａｍａｊｏｒｃａｕｓｅｏｆｍｏｒｂｉｄｉｔｙａｎｄｍｏｒｔａｌｉｔｙ．Ｔｈｅｐａｔｈｏｇｅｎｉｃｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｓｏｆｔｈｅｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓｒｅ－ｍａｉｎｕｎｃｌｅａｒ．Ｆｏｕｒｆａｃｔｏｒｓ,ｉｎ...     

城乡一体化中发展轨道交通的几点思考

在城乡一体化发展进程中,轨道交通必将以其大容量、快速交通的优势,成为城乡一体化交通体系的骨干,满足新的交通需求.结合30多年来香港新市镇发展中城乡轨道交通发展的实例,从轨道交通在城乡一体化发展中的功能角色、既有铁路在城乡一体化轨道交通中的利用、如何建设节约型的城乡轨道交通以及城乡轨道交通与沿线协调发展四方面,对城乡一体化中轨道交通的发展提出一些建议和思考.     

2003年美国轻卡养护技术展望

在2003年,轻型卡车领域正发生着许多引人注目的变化:各汽车制造商推出了一些新车型,并对现有车型的安全性、技术性能和使用方便性等方面做了大量的升级换代工作。 在这新的一年里,从美洲、欧洲乃至亚洲(在亚洲不仅仅只是日本)在运动型多功能越野车(SUV)和轻卡方面都有     

解读多路传输技术之迷

多路传输技术已经运用在当今的汽车上。这篇多路传输技术的入门指南将有助于你更好地了解现在以及未来汽车上的车载信息高速公路系统。