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211.
Since the economic reforms in the late 1970s, the shipbuilding industry in China has enjoyed rapid growth. Over the past two decades, many new building contracts have been won and successfully completed. However, some shipyards have also suffered great losses. Basing on their experience in Southern China, the authors examine some of the major challenges that Chinese shipbuilders faced during this transitional period, when the industry ventured into the international market. These challenges are broadly categorized into two areas: (i) external factors, such as inflation and infrastructural support that the shipbuilder had no control over, and (ii) shipbuilding management, which the shipbuilder had to master in order to gain competitive advantage. Suggestions on how these problems could be tackled are discussed. 相似文献
212.
Taek S. Jang Hang S. Choi Takeshi Kinoshita 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2000,5(4):181-188
This paper illustrates how to estimate a wave source generating a wave system, including local waves, with the assumption
of linear dispersive waves of two dimensions. The estimation of wave source is realized by using an inverse problem. Unfortunately,
the inverse problem is ill-posed in the sense of stability, since the wave source information included in local waves diminishes
as the distance from the wave source increases. In the area of applied mathematics, there are well-developed methods to tackle
ill-posed problems, which are called regularizations. In this paper, three different regularizations which are well known
in applied mathematics are introduced and investigated to learn whether they are applicable to the present problem of the
estimation of wave source. From the numerical experiments, it is shown that the estimation is realized by the regularizations
introduced in this study, so that they can be applied to the determination of a wave source generating a wave system including
local waves.
Received: June 6, 2000 / Accepted: February 7, 2001 相似文献
213.
Amal S. Kumarage Mahinda Bandara Darshini Munasinghe 《Research in Transportation Economics》2010,29(1):395-400
Sri Lanka has an extensive Three-Wheeler Taxi service comprised of around 300,000 vehicles. These vehicles, which first made an entry to Sri Lanka’s roads in the early 1980s, account for around 15% of the active motor vehicle fleet at present. Three-Wheelers Taxis also account for around 6% of the passenger kilometres. These vehicles are mostly individually operated with some owned by the operator and others hired on a monthly or daily basis. The industry is unregulated with vehicle registration and driving licenses being the only instruments of regulation. Fares are unregulated. However, most operators belong to associations which are loose collections of operators found in a given locality. These associations impose a degree of self regulation with respect to fares. They also tend to demonstrate oligapolistic behaviour.The paper is based on a survey of 200 operators and 100 passengers from a Divisional Secretariat area in Colombo District. The survey covered a number of details pertaining to ownership, management and fare structures, as well as opinions on the service attributes by users. The survey also covered perceptions of operators to determine the social, economic and transport implications of the services provided. Details were also obtained on the profiles of the operators and their expectations.The paper provides the results of the analysis of this data and draws a number of conclusions on the economics of the industry as well as the social aspects associated with it. It also discusses the characteristics of the users of these three wheelers as well as their typical use. The analysis also investigates complementarily of service provision between three wheelers as an access mode to buses and railways. This analysis has been used to develop an understanding of the manner in which the industry has grown over the last two decades and how it is being operated today. It also identifies areas wherein the industry has become inefficient and assesses the degree of over pricing that exists due to this. The data also helps to determine the relationship between unemployment and provision of self-employed transport services.The paper concludes with a synopsis of the profile of the industry and its role within the wider transport sector and with respect to ownership. It also discusses the positive and negative impacts of the lack of regulation on the industry. 相似文献
214.
J.S.Michel 《变流技术与电力牵引》2003,(6):43-46
原边能源是电动汽车牵引系统中易造成故障的一个组件,力争对应用了成熟技术的发动机组进行优化. 相似文献
215.
为优化我国目前较为僵化的城市公交票价体系,构建科学合理的票价调节机制,充分发挥
价格杠杆对城市公交资源配置的导向作用,首先总结出我国城市公交票价体系存在票价水平与定
价成本背离、票价水平长期不变及缺乏科学系统的票价调节机制3 个主要问题。然后,深入研究
了新加坡和香港城市公共交通票价调节机制,并分析了其票价调整公式;在借鉴国际、国内相关
经验的基础上,通过总结我国城市公交运营成本中主要单项成本及各单项成本对总成本的影响规
律,将人员工资、燃料消耗费、轮胎消耗费、运营车辆修理费、其他直接运营费、财务费用等作
为影响城市公交票价的主要成本因素,并确定了各因素的权重系数。在以上研究基础上,设计了
能够合理反映城市公交票价定价成本的城市公共交通票价调节模型以及能够综合考虑企业运营成
本、社会经济发展水平、居民承受能力等因素的动态城市公交票价调节机制和配套措施,包括启
动票价调节的前提条件、调价流程设计等。 相似文献
216.
217.
Y. S. Kim E. Y. Kim Y. W. Shin S. K. Lee 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2010,11(5):759-765
This paper presents a multi-body flexible dynamic analysis of a centrifugal turbo blower for a fuel cell electric vehicle
(FCEV) based on the application of computer-aided engineering (CAE) to predict the acceleration at the mount position of the
blower. This predicted acceleration is validated by using the measured acceleration data. The numerical simulation for the
multi-body flexible dynamics of the blower is used not only to identify the most effective mount among four mounts in an FCEV
by controlling the complex stiffness of the isolator, but also to suggest the range of complex stiffness of the isolator at
the most effective mount. This numerical simulation technology can be useful for the estimation of the variation of vibration
transmission for the structural modification of the turbo blower. 相似文献
218.
H. J. Kim B. Han W. S. Hong W. H. Shin G. B. Cho Y. K. Lee Y. J. Kim 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2010,11(4):447-453
A 3000 cc diesel engine attached to an engine dynamo was used to test three newly developed electrostatic Diesel Particulate
matter filtration Systems (DPS 1, 2, and 3) under four steady-state engine operating conditions: idle, 2000 rpm with no load,
and 2000 rpm under 25% and 50% loads. Of the two developed alternatives, DPS 1 and DPS 2, DPS 2 comprises an ionization section,
electrostatic field additional section and Flow-Through Filter (FTF), which achieved almost 90% removal of particulate matter
(PM) under the engine’s operating conditions, and the efficiency of the FTF was maintained between 20% and 50%. Comparing
the long-term performance of DPS 2 and DPS 3 (effectively a serial combination of two DPS 2s) with a commercially-available
Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF), the DPS 2 and DPS 3 achieved almost the same efficiency for removing PM as the DPF but had
significantly improved (75%∼90% lower) differential pressure drops. 相似文献
219.
Fault detection method for electric parking brake (EPB) systems with sensorless estimation using current ripples 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C. W. Lee H. B. Chung Y. O. Lee C. C. Chung Y. S. Son P. Yoon 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2010,11(3):387-394
A fault detection method with parity equations is proposed in this paper. Due to its low cost implementation, the velocity
of the motor is not measurable in electric parking brake (EPB) systems. Therefore, residuals are not reliable when estimating
the motor velocity with a low-resolution encoder. In this paper, we propose a fault detection method with sensorless estimation
using current ripples that estimates the position and velocity of the motor by detecting periodical oscillations of the armature
current caused by rotor slots. In addition, this method can estimate the position and velocity of the motor with less computational
effort than a state observer. Moreover, the method is less sensitive to motor parameters than model-based estimation methods.
The effectiveness of this method is validated with experimental data, and the simulation results show that various faults
have their own residual patterns. Therefore, we can detect the presence of faults by monitoring the residual signals. 相似文献
220.
Development of a new sound metric for impact sound in a passenger car using the wavelet transform 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Vehicles can experience impacts due to harsh road conditions. Contact with an uneven road surface causes vehicles to vibrate,
which generates a loud impact sound. The attenuation of such noise is important because car passengers may complain about
the impact noise. However, perfect removal of impact noise is not possible because most of it is caused by external conditions.
More research is needed on the objective attributes of impact noise; however, the problem of impact noise is not a simple
matter because impact noise is transient in nature and reaches a high level instantaneously. In this paper, a new objective
attribute of impact noise is designed using the wavelet transform, which is appropriate for analyzing nonstationary signals,
such as an impact signal. The usefulness of the new objective attribute, which is a sound metric, is examined by comparing
the mean subjective ratings for real impact noise in passenger cars. The new sound metric has better correlation with the
mean subjective rating than currently existing sound metrics. 相似文献