Development of a fail-safe control strategy based on evaluation scenarios for an FCEV electronic brake system

This study presents a few fail-safe control strategies based on reliability evaluation scenarios for the electronic brake systems of green cars in several critical cases. CarSim and MATLAB Simulink were used to develop the FCEV model with regenerative braking involving EWBs and EMBs. The proposed reliability evaluation scenarios were simulated, and a few fail-safe control algorithms were verified using the proposed reliability evaluation scenarios with the developed FCEV simulation model. The reliability evaluation scenarios were developed using a combination of driving modes and FMEA results for these electronic brake systems.     

Future of road safety and SDG 3.6 goals in six Indian cities

In this paper, we use estimates of the effectiveness of existing road safety technologies and interventions to estimate the reduction in road safety deaths in six Indian cities over the next decade, in order to achieve the SDG 3.6 goal of a 50% reduction by 2030. Only the existing interventions are considered and technologies that might be available in the future are not accounted for. The results show that similar policies for all cities will not produce the same results, and that achieving the SDG 3.6 goal does not automatically reduce fatality rates in cities with high fatality rates. The introduction of safer cars with currently available safety technologies, although necessary, will have much less effect than the combined effect of motorcycle safety technologies, speed control and traffic calming. This study suggests that while SDG 3.6 targets may be satisfied by 2030 with great effort in India, the presently available safety interventions may not be adequate to bring about death rates below 2.0 per hundred thousand persons. Since the situation differs significantly between cities, it will be important to evolve city-specific policies for safety intervention priorities and changes in travel behavior. The desired reduction in road traffic injuries in India will not be possible without much greater investment in road safety research and road design for safer travel.     

Study on State Parameter Control of Intake Air in Utility Tunnels Based on BB-MOPSO北大核心CSCD

In order to explore the control method of the intake air state in utility tunnels when the outside fresh air humidity is too high, taking the ventilation works of a utility tunnel section in Pingtan comprehensive experimental area as the research background, this paper proposes the control method of intake air state parameters for ventilation and dehumidification in utility tunnels under normal and accident conditions, by means of the effective ventilation and dehumidification duration prediction model, the evolutionary multi-objective algorithm (EMOA), and in combination with the ventilation control requirements. The results show that the intake air state parameter controller can be adjusted freely according to the different requirements of decision makers for ventilation fan working duration and dehumidifier working temperature and moisture content, and the optimized appropriate control objectives can be achieved, which is conducive to the real-time decision-making of the intake air state parameter control for ventilation and dehumidification in utility tunnels. © 2022, Editorial Office of Modern Tunnelling Technology. All right reserved.     

大直径盾构隧道穿越建筑物群变形分析与控制措施北大核心CSCD

大直径盾构隧道掘进施工对土体造成扰动,导致地表产生沉降或隆起,继而严重威胁上部建筑物群的结构安全。文章依托某大直径盾构隧道穿越老旧小区密集建筑物群工程,首先利用二维有限元软件计算关键断面房屋的沉降变形,再对比三维有限元软件的计算结果,分析两种计算方法的适用范围;然后基于三维模型探究了不同初期荷载释放率对盾构穿越引起的地表和房屋变形的影响,最后利用Peck公式计算的理论地表沉降数据,梳理初期荷载释放率、地表沉降、地层损失率三者的内部联系并提出了控制变形的相关措施。研究结果表明,初期荷载释放率越小,地表及房屋沉降也越小,对应的地层损失也越小;对于控制地表变形,减小荷载释放率等同于减小地层损失率;初期荷载释放率、地表沉降、地层损失率这三者减小的量值呈线性关系。     

Existence,relatedness and growth needs as mediators between mode choice and travel satisfaction: evidence from Denmark

Transportation - Understanding the link between mode choice and travel satisfaction is essential for promoting sustainable travel by expanding utility theory to include also the eudaimonic value of...     

Improved hot-stamping analysis of tubular boron steel with direct measurement of heat convection coefficient

There are two types of hot-stamping processes, direct and indirect, depending on the sequence of the heating, forming, and quenching steps and the method used for each step. In this study, an indirect hot-stamping process consisting of forming at room temperature, heating, and water quenching was applied to develop a coupled torsion beam axle. The analysis results indicated that the application of the heat convection coefficient is critical in the simulations and must take into account the temperature and specific location in the model to ensure the accuracy of the heating and quenching analysis. The heat convection coefficients used in the analysis were directly measured at various positions of the tube (e.g., outside, inside, and bending region) using thermocouples, and the final values were determined through correlation between the actual tests and numerical analysis. The experimental and simulated final deformed shape and temperature distribution were in good agreement.     

Traffic-balancing algorithm for can systems with dual communication channels to enhance the network capacity

The controller area network (CAN) is the dominant protocol for in-vehicle network (IVN) systems because it provides bounded transmission delay among electronic control units (ECUs) at data rates between 100 Kbps and 1 Mbps. Many automotive companies have chosen the CAN protocol for their chassis network system of intelligent vehicles. However, the increasing number of ECUs in intelligent vehicles and the need for more intelligent functions require a network system with more network capacity and real-time capability. As one approach to enhance the network capacity of a CAN system, this paper introduces a CAN system with dual communication channels. This paper also presents a traffic-balancing algorithm that predicts the traffic of each channel and allocates frames to the most appropriate channel. An experimental testbed using commercial off-the-shelf microcontrollers with two CAN controllers was used to demonstrate the feasibility of the traffic-balancing algorithm.     

An overview of biodiesel in Asian countries and the harmonization of quality standards

Recently, biofuels have been actively introduced as transportation fuels in Asian countries. Common drivers to use biofuels are energy security, fuel diversification, and the reduction of greenhouse gases. In addition, some Southeastern Asian countries look forward to utilizing the abundant agricultural resources and providing stability for farmers. However, a compromised quality of biofuels could cause vehicle trouble, which is why the quality standard of the fuels is very important. On the other hand, the quality standard of biofuels differs from country to country and could cause vehicle trouble in some countries and not others. These differing standards may become an obstacle to trade. In this situation, the harmonization of the biodiesel standards in the East Asia Summit (EAS) region has been initiated by the ERIA biodiesel working group, in which members are the specialists from each country. This review summarizes the introduction of biofuels in this region and the recent activities regarding the harmonization of the fuel quality standard. Important background for this review is based on the results of the ERIA biodiesel working group meeting.     

Robust design optimization of suspension system by using target cascading method

This study presents the robust design optimization process of suspension system for improving vehicle dynamic performance (ride comfort, handling stability). The proposed design method is so called target cascading method where the design target of the system is cascaded from a vehicle level to a suspension system level. To formalize the proposed method in the view of design process, the design problem structure of suspension system is defined as a (hierarchical) multilevel design optimization, and the design problem for each level is solved using the robust design optimization technique based on a meta-model. Then, In order to verify the proposed design concept, it designed suspension system. For the vehicle level, 44 random variables with 3% of coefficient of variance (COV) were selected and the proposed design process solved the problem by using only 88 exact analyses that included 49 analyses for the initial meta-model and 39 analyses for SAO. For the suspension level, 54 random variables with 10% of COV were selected and the optimal designs solved the problem by using only 168 exact analyses for the front suspension system. Furthermore, 73 random variables with 10% of COV were selected and optimal designs solved the problem by using only 252 exact analyses for the rear suspension system. In order to compare the vehicle dynamic performance between the optimal design model and the initial design model, the ride comfort and the handling stability was analyzed and found to be improved by 16% and by 37%, respectively. This result proves that the suggested design method of suspension system is effective and systematic.     

Four-wheel vehicle kinematic and geometric constraints for definition of tire slip angle

When considering vehicle safety, tires and all that they represent are a fundamental topic. Tire studies have received a considerable amount of attention from the research community because their improvement has a direct and strong impact on vehicle handling and braking. Within this eld of analysis lies an important behavioral feature: the tire slip angle, which is a consequence of lateral forces acting on the tire. This characteristic is predicted in some cases and evaluated experimentally in others. This paper addresses another way to assess the slip angle. We propose a mathematical model that describes a constraint linking the slip angle and steering angle that make a vehicle turn. We present a simplied kinematic model (based on the classic bicycle model) and a four-wheel model, which makes all of the angles involved compatible with each other. In our case, the match will be given by the determination of the turning radius. Two different scenarios, understeering and oversteering vehicles, were simulated, and the results and conclusions reached are presented herein.