A note on fare policy in personal rapid transit

The choice of fare policy is more flexible in personal rapid transit than in conventional transit and has some unique aspects. The implementation of fare policies as a function of distance are discussed, and, following a discussion of how the fare would be collected in a PRT system, consideration is given to whether the fare should be per person or per vehicle.     

起重机结构寿命的模拟估算

根据已有的试验和研究成果，总结推荐了桥门式起重机焊接箱形梁的疲劳参数取值。以等幅载荷疲劳裂纹稳定扩展阶段的计算公式为基础，针对起重机承受随机载荷的特点，运用时间循环法，估算了桥门式起重机焊接箱形梁的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命。     

上海书院镇雨水泵站工程设计

书院镇雨水泵站位于位于现状人民塘随塘河东岸,西至随塘河,东至塘下公路坡脚,北至三三公路以北220m,南至三三公路以北160m,用地面积约1500m²,泵站设计规模为10.80 m³/s。雨水泵房、初期雨水调蓄池、污水截流泵房为合建式泵房,故书院镇雨水泵站在具备区域排涝功能的同时,还同时具有截流旱流污水、初期雨水的功能。本文介绍该泵站的工艺设计,为指导施工服务。     

Creative nodes,logistical networks,and the future of the metropolis

A paradigmatic shift away from traditional quantitative methods towards qualitative dynamic analysis is proposed in order to fully comprehend the future of the metropolis. Over the last millennium the great structural changes of production, location, trade, culture and institutions have most likely been triggered by slow but steady changes to those logistical networks which are responsible for the movement of key factors of production. Nonlinear dynamic methods such as catastrophe theory and synergetics can help to provide the necessary analytical insights. Creativity and accessibility to logistical networks are portrayed as important catalysts of qualitative change. requests for offprints     

膨胀土路基压实和承载强度研究

依托广西崇左~上思二级公路建设项目,在室内试验和现场修建试验路段相结合进行大量数据采集的基础上,较深入地分析弱膨胀土路基填筑中压实度、压实功、含水量、CBR等的特点及其关系。同一种膨胀土,击实功越大,最大干密度越大,最佳含水量越小。不同种类的膨胀土,在相同击实功下,膨胀性越小CBR越大。同一种膨胀土,击实功越大,CBR越大,但最大CBR所对应的含水量都大致相等。项目所在地,干旱季节大部分弱膨胀土的天然含水量大致都在15%~18%之间,这正好与该地区弱膨胀土CBR达到最大值时的含水量相对应。而且,这个含水量区间虽比标准击实时的最佳含水量要大4%~7%,但只要不超出这个区间的上限,在现场路基施工时就可通过增加压实功很易使其达到压实度要求。     

What determines transit energy use?

A comparison of the energy use per passenger-mile of eight modes of urban transportation is made in terms of eleven variables, resulting in conclusions about the direction transit system design should take to provide adequate transportation with minimum energy use. The method can easily be programmed on a personal computer to be used to study the effects of parameter variations on energy use.     

SCUBA Diver Specialization and Behavior Norms at Coral Reefs

SCUBA diving is an increasingly popular activity that provides a number of benefits to coastal communities. However, the sustainability of recreational diving on coral reefs is largely dependent on the health of reef ecosystems. Divers can minimize their impacts to coral reefs through responsible diving behaviors, which are in part guided by social norms. The behavioral obligation and sanction components of twelve diving behaviors were determined for Florida Keys divers throughout the course of a year. Recognizing that recreationists are not homogenous, these norms were compared according to diver specialization level. Specialized divers felt a stronger obligation not to touch corals and to pick up garbage from the sea floor than did less specialized divers. Specialized divers also reported they would feel greater embarrassment for losing buoyancy control, touching corals, taking pieces of dead corals, or touching marine mammals. The findings point to a connection between specialization level and social norms, and a relationship to ensuring continued reef health.     

Modelling minimum-time manoeuvering with global optimisation of local receding horizon control

In this paper, we explore the notion that a human driver uses a receding horizon model predictive control (MPC) scheme for minimum-time manoeuvering. However, MPC is an inherently sub-optimal control scheme because not all future information is incorporated into its finite preview horizon. In many practical applications, this sub-optimality is tolerated as the solution is sufficiently close to optimal. However, it is known that professional drivers have the ability to learn driving circuits and exploit its features to minimise their global manoeuvering time. In this paper, we will model their process with a cascaded optimisation structure. Therein, the inner-loop features a local MPC scheme tasked with finding the control inputs that achieve a blended objective of minimising time and maximising velocity in each preview horizon/distance. The outer loop of this cascaded structure computes the best set of weights for the two components of the local objectives in order to minimise the global manoeuvering time. The proposed cascaded optimisation and control approach is compared against a straight-forward fixed-cost time optimal MPC applied to minimum-time manoeuvering over two well-known race courses. The paper also includes an extended literature review and details of the computational formulation of the model approach.     

基于组合赋权——云模型的高速公路路网交通适应性评价

针对于传统交通适用性评价过程存在的随机性和模糊性问题,提出一种组合赋权—云模型的高速公路路网交通适应性评价方法。首先,从路网结构性能和路网运行效率两方面,选取路网密度、饱和度等8个定量因素建立评价指标体系,采用相对分析法,将适应性划分为4个等级后,依次确定各等级区间范围;其次,基于逆向云模型理论,得到各评价指标隶属各等级的确定度,利用组合赋权所得权重对各个指标确定度进行加权平均。最后,根据确定度最大原则,综合得到交通适应性等级。以四川省高速公路联网收费数据和网络拓扑数据为基础,构建评价模型,最终结果为不适应,为今后高速公路网建设提供理论基础和数据支撑。