基于供应链成本管理的铁路工程造价控制

随着国民经济的快速发展,铁路工程建设力度加大,工程造价不断增加,如何有效控制工程造价,需创新一种新的管理方法,为此将供应链成本管理方法引入铁路工程建设进行研究,并与传统成本管理方法进行比较。通过比较建立供应链成本管理模式,搭建供应链信息管理平台进行信息流、资金流、物资流交流,组织工程实施。具体做法是:根据施工作业计划,合理配备劳动力;做好材料设备采购和供应计划,保证施工的顺利进行;参战各方建立战略伙伴关系,实现利益共享、风险共担,从而达到控制工程造价的目的。     

Vehicle mass as a determinant of fuel consumption and secondary safety performance: A comment

Attention is called to evidence that in collisions between vehicles of equal mass, and in single-vehicle collisions, there is unlikely to be a very strong effect of car size on injury severity, and that variation in crashworthiness within the set of car models of a given size has a much larger effect. Consequently, the secondary safety of a national fleet of small cars in the future could be as high as that of a national fleet of large cars today.     

铁路曲线正矢布点方法探讨

铁路曲线正矢测量点布点可以采取不同的方法,只要符合布点原则和正确计算方法,计算所得的计划正矢累计和相等,因此不会影响正矢测量和曲线的拨正。     

True Walking Distance to Transit

Abstract

People riding transit in the city of Detroit walk on average 0.8 miles (1.3 km) per round trip. The straight-line walking distance was found by buffering the bus stop locations and comparing them to the weighted US Census blocks. However, the true walking path follows the street pattern. Rather than undertaking network analysis, which would require connecting all addresses in the city with all bus stops, a Monte Carlo simulation was performed in geographic information system with random addresses. The simulation was performed over several addresses until convergence was achieved. The distances were converted to walking times and compared to the US National Household Transportation Survey.     

A review of the state of the art of personal rapid transit

The paper begins with a review of the rational for development of personal rapid transit, the reasons it has taken so long to develop, and the process needed to develop it. Next I show how the PRT concept can be derived from a system‐significant equation for life‐cycle cost per passenger‐mile as the system that minimizes this quantity. In the bulk of the paper I discuss the state‐of‐the‐art of a series of technical issues that had to be resolved during the development of an optimum PRT design. These include capacity, switching, the issue of hanging vs. supported vehicles, guideways, vehicles, control, station operations, system operations, reliability, availability, dependability, safety, the calculation of curved guideways, operational simulation, power and energy. The paper concludes with a listing of the implications for a city that deploys an optimized PRT system.     

Examining the effect of speed,roadside features,and roadway geometry on crash experience along a rural corridor

This paper presents a current investigation into crash experience along a 15.7-mile rural corridor in southwest Montana with the aim of better understanding crash causal factors along the corridor. The study utilized ten years of crash data, geometric data, and observed freeflow speed data along the corridor. A systematic approach was used where every tenth of a mile was described in term of the crash experience, speed, alignment, and roadside features. Using bivariate and multivariate statistical anal-yses, the study investigated the crash experience along the corridor as well as some of the underlying relationships which could explain some of the crash causal factors. Results show a strong association between crash rates and horizontal curvatures even for flat curves that can be negotiated at speeds above the posted speed limit, per the highway design equations. Higher crash rates were also found to be associated with the difference between the observed free-flow speeds and the speed dictated by the curve radius or sight distance as per the design equations. Further, results strongly support the safety benefits of guardrails as evidenced by the lower crash rates and severities. The presence of fixed objects and the steepness of side slopes were also found to have an effect on crash rates and severities.     

Travel choices in alcohol-related situations in Virginia

Transportation - Using survey data from 3004 respondents aged 21 and older in Northern Virginia, Richmond, and the Tidewater area, this paper identifies factors associated with respondents’...     

基于模糊控制的隧道有害气体治理技术研究

针对隧道通风系统控制手段单一、控制滞后、效率低且效果差等问题，改进一种基于模糊理论的多种有害气体综合治理新方法，并采用模糊PID控制技术构建一种综合治理系统。该系统利用采样模块实时监测数据，将信号上传至分析模块进行全局把控，通过模糊控制模块在线校正参数，不断循环控制变频器来提高被控对象的运行频率，调节风量与吸收液喷雾量，最后由治理模块实施通风稀释和喷雾净化，实现对多种有害气体进行治理。该系统应用于青海省某穿煤隧道，结果表明： 该系统能够快速降低放炮后监测断面处有害气体浓度，其中掌子面处瓦斯、硫化氢的平均浓度值分别降低了17.3%、27.3%，衬砌前端处二者的平均浓度降低了12.2%、36.7%，具有较高的准确性；放炮后浓度降至规范限值的时间也由平均20 min减少至10 min左右，缩短了1~2倍，能有效保障隧道施工安全，提高隧道施工效率。     

Handling Characteristics of Car-Trailer Systems; A State-of-the-Art Survey

Work relevant to the state of the art as regards passenger cars towing trailers is referenced and reviewed. Not only included is the very limited amount of work specifically dealing with passenger cars towing trailers, but also reviewed is the much larger body of work having a bearing on car-trailer systems. Topics included are aerodynamic forces, tire forces, the compliance concept, relevant work on vehicles without trailers, vehicles with trailers, and the role of the driver. The types of stability problems exhibited by car-trailer systems are discussed.

The state of the art as regards ability to predict vehicle response to specific steering inputs is shown to be fairly advanced. Recent significant advances include the appearance of experimental data useful for validating theoretical models. However, the state of the art as regards definition of what constitute desirable handling characteristics is still at a primitive stage, largely because of a lack of understanding of the roles played by drivers as part of the vehicle -driver - environment systems.

Throughout the review an effort was made to point out topic areas where it is likely that significant future contributions to the state of the art can be made. These areas are reviewed in the conclusions.