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811.
Peter B. Marlow 《Maritime Policy and Management》2013,40(7):667-676
This paper presents a comment on some of the key issues relating to piracy, terrorism, regulatory approaches and economic issues stemming from maritime security measures. It takes a wide ranging view of these issues and argues that security measures must be managed effectively so as not to be perceived as burdensome. Furthermore, any measures adopted must cover the whole of the international logistics supply chain and not just the shipping component of such distribution channels. 相似文献
812.
This paper presents a design of boundary controllers implemented at the top end for global stabilization of a marine riser in a three dimensional space under environmental loadings. Based on the energy approach, nonlinear partial differential equations of motion, including bending-bending and longitudinal-bending couplings for the risers are derived. The couplings cause mutual effects between the three independent directions in the riser’s motions, and make it difficult to minimize its vibrations. The Lyapunov direct method is employed to design the boundary controller. It is shown that the proposed boundary controllers can effectively reduce the riser’s vibration. Stability analysis of the closed-loop system is performed using the Lyapunov direct method. Numerical simulations illustrate the results. 相似文献
813.
Abstract Despite considerable examination of the impact of telecommunications on travel, little empirical evidence sheds light on the impact of e‐shopping on travel—a recent and increasingly popular form of telecommunications. This paper analyses determinants of online buying and their relationship with in‐store shopping, using empirical data obtained from Minneapolis, USA, and Utrecht, the Netherlands. Based on chi‐square tests and logistic and ordinary least‐squares regressions, the results indicate that online buying is affected by sociodemographics and spatial characteristics of people, their Internet experience, and their attitudes towards in‐store shopping. US respondents who prefer to see products in person are less likely to buy online. Dutch respondents are more likely to buy online as travel times to shops are shorter. At first sight, this counterintuitive result might be related to an urban, innovative lifestyle that supports e‐shopping. A more detailed analysis of Dutch online buyers reveals that they make more shopping trips than non‐online buyers and have a shorter shopping duration. The results indicate that the relationship between online buying and in‐store shopping is not one of substitution but of complementarity. 相似文献
814.
AbstractThis paper aims to clearly establish the origin and evolution of the shared space concept from a New Zealand perspective by reviewing the literature in the disciplines of both urban design and transportation engineering. The review process involves investigating the use and function of a public road space in the context of the changing of public expectations and how this can relate to a number of interconnected street design approaches (e.g. traffic calming and self-explaining roads (SERs)). These approaches have been used to minimise the influence of motor vehicles since the beginning of the automobile era. The shared space concept, when applied in public road environments in activity centres, has increasingly been embraced by urban planners, transportation engineers and regulatory agencies. A shared space diverges from a conventional road where all road users are encouraged to legitimately occupy the same road space with little physical separation. To achieve this in a safe and efficient manner, the design aims to reduce the dominance of the motor vehicle by promoting pedestrian and cycling activity and utilising the road space as a ‘place’ in addition to its ‘transport’ mobility and access purposes. Given the fundamental conceptual differentiation between a traffic-calmed street and a shared space, the paper argues that there are certain design elements, constituting a shared space, and without them, it would be difficult for a public street to function as a genuine shared space for all road users. 相似文献
815.
Review of GPS Travel Survey and GPS Data-Processing Methods 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
AbstractGlobal positioning system (GPS) devices have been utilised in travel surveys since the late 1990s. Because GPS devices are very accurate at recording time and positional characteristics of travel, they can correct the trip-misreporting issue resulting from self-reports of travel and improve the accuracy of travel data. Although the initial idea of using GPS surveys in transport data collection was just to replace paper-based travel diaries, GPS surveys currently are being applied in a number of transport fields. Several general reviews have been done about GPS surveys in the literature review sections in some papers, but a detailed systematic review from GPS data collection to the whole procedure of GPS data processing has not been undertaken. This paper comprehensively reviews the development of GPS surveys and their applications, and GPS data processing. Different from most reviews in GPS research, this paper provides a detailed and systematic comparison between different methods from trip identification to mode and purpose detection, introduces the methods that researchers and planners are currently using, and discusses the pros and cons of those methods. Based on this review, researchers can choose appropriate methods and endeavour to improve them. 相似文献
816.
Jana A. Hirsch Joshua Stratton-Rayner Meghan Winters John Stehlin Kate Hosford Stephen J. Mooney 《运输评论》2013,33(6):706-732
ABSTRACTThe deployment of smartphone-operated, non-station-based bicycle fleets (“dockless” or “free-floating” bikeshare) represents a new generation of bikesharing. Users locate bikes in these free-floating systems using Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and lock bikes in place at their destinations. In this paper, we review current free-floating bikesharing systems in North America and discuss priorities for future research and practice. Since launching in 2017, free-floating bikeshare has expanded rapidly to encompass 200+ systems operating 40,000+ bikes within 150+ cities. In contrast with previous systems, free-floating systems operate almost exclusively using commercial “for-profit” models, amidst concerns of financial sustainability. Governance for these systems is in early stages and can include operating fees, fleet size caps, safety requirements, parking restrictions, data sharing, and equity obligations. We identify research and practice gaps within the themes of usage, equity, sharing resources, business model, and context. While some existing bikesharing literature translates to free-floating systems, novel topics arise due to the ubiquity, fluidity, and business models of these new systems. Systems have numerous obstacles to overcome for long-term sustainability, including barriers common to station-based systems: limited supportive infrastructure, equity, theft or vandalism, and funding. Other unique obstacles arise in free-floating bikeshare around parking, sidewalk right of ways, varied bicycle types, and data sharing. This review offers background in and critical reflection on the rapidly evolving free-floating bikeshare landscape, including priorities for future research and practice. If concerns can be overcome, free-floating bikeshare may provide unprecedented opportunities to bypass congested streets, encourage physical activity, and support urban sustainability. 相似文献
817.
Robert J. Schneider 《运输评论》2013,33(3):416-418
818.
This paper reports on the use of different approaches for measuring the efficiency of major Brazilian port terminals. Two of the most important approaches, DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) and SFA (Stochastic Frontier Analysis), were performed on data collected from 25 terminals. The findings indicate that the majority of Brazilian terminals are running short on capacity due to the export boom that has occurred over the past few years and due to the lack of investment in capacity expansion. Furthermore, efficiency measurements derived from a reduced model with only one input and one output were explained based on variables such as type of cargo handled (container or bulk), connectivity of the terminal to railroads, and control (state or private) of the terminal. Implications and directions for future research are explored. 相似文献
819.
Transportation specialists, urban planners, and public health officials have been steadfast in encouraging active modes of
transportation over the past decades. Conventional thinking, however, suggests that providing infrastructure for cycling and
walking in the form of off-street trails is critically important. An outstanding question in the literature is how one’s travel
is affected by the use of such facilities and specifically, the role of distance to the trail in using such facilities. This
research describes a highly detailed analysis of use along an off-street facility in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. The core
questions addressed in this investigation aim to understand relationships between: (1) the propensity of using the trail based
on distance from the trip origin and destination, and (2) how far out of their way trail users travel for the benefit of using
the trail and explanatory factors for doing so. The data used in the analysis for this research was collected as a human intercept
survey along a section of an off-street facility. The analysis demonstrates that a cogent distance decay pattern exists and
that the decay function varies by trip purpose. Furthermore, we find that bicyclists travel, on average, 67% longer in order
to include the trail facility on their route. The paper concludes by explaining how the distance decay and shortest path versus
taken path analysis can aid in the planning and analysis of new trail systems.
Kevin J. Krizek is an Associate Professor of Planning and Design at the University of Colorado where he directs the Active Communities/Transportation Research Group. His research interests include land use-transportation policies and programs that influence household residential location decisions and travel behavior. He has published in the areas of transportation demand management, travel behavior, neighborhood accessibility, and sustainable development. He earned a Ph.D. in Urban Design and Planning and M.S.C.E. from the University of Washington in Seattle. His master’s degree in planning is from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and his undergraduate degree is from Northwestern University. Ahmed El-Geneidy is a Post-Doctoral research fellow at the Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota and Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. El-Geneidy’s research interests include transit operations, travel behavior, land use and transportation planning, and accessibility/mobility measures in urban areas. He earned B.S. and M.S. degrees from the Department of Architectural Engineering at the University of Alexandria, Egypt, and continued his academic work at Portland State University, where he received a Graduate GIS Certificate and earned a Ph.D. in Urban Studies from Nohad A. Toulan School of Urban Studies and Planning. Kristin Thompson was a research assistant with ACT and currently works for Metro Transit in Minneapolis, Minnesota. 相似文献
Ahmed El-GeneidyEmail: |
Kevin J. Krizek is an Associate Professor of Planning and Design at the University of Colorado where he directs the Active Communities/Transportation Research Group. His research interests include land use-transportation policies and programs that influence household residential location decisions and travel behavior. He has published in the areas of transportation demand management, travel behavior, neighborhood accessibility, and sustainable development. He earned a Ph.D. in Urban Design and Planning and M.S.C.E. from the University of Washington in Seattle. His master’s degree in planning is from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and his undergraduate degree is from Northwestern University. Ahmed El-Geneidy is a Post-Doctoral research fellow at the Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota and Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. El-Geneidy’s research interests include transit operations, travel behavior, land use and transportation planning, and accessibility/mobility measures in urban areas. He earned B.S. and M.S. degrees from the Department of Architectural Engineering at the University of Alexandria, Egypt, and continued his academic work at Portland State University, where he received a Graduate GIS Certificate and earned a Ph.D. in Urban Studies from Nohad A. Toulan School of Urban Studies and Planning. Kristin Thompson was a research assistant with ACT and currently works for Metro Transit in Minneapolis, Minnesota. 相似文献
820.
Over the past few years, GPS has been used in a number of surveys in the US to assess the accuracy of household travel surveys.
The results have been somewhat alarming in that most of these exercises have shown that the standard trip-based CATI survey
conducted in the US under-reports travel by about 20–25%. It was decided to use GPS to assess the accuracy of the Sydney Household
Travel Survey, a continuous survey conducted by face-to-face interviewing. The procedure used was for the interviewers to
recruit households for the household travel survey in the normal manner, and then, if the household met certain criteria,
to endeavour to recruit the household to also undertake a GPS survey. A small sample of about 50 households was obtained,
and GPS devices successfully retrieved that measured data on the same day as the travel diary was completed. In addition,
participants in the GPS survey completed a prompted recall survey a week or two later, using maps and tabulations of travel
obtained from the GPS devices, to identify mode, purpose and occupancy for trips measured by the GPS, and also to check for
accuracy in defining trip ends and total number of trips. Based on the analysis of the GPS compared to the diary results,
it was found that respondents under-reported their travel by about 7%, which is much less than in the US CATI results. Respondents
were also found to under-report travel distances and over-report travel times. There was also a high incidence of non-reporting
for VKT.
相似文献
Peter StopherEmail: |