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831.
S. H. Jun T. K. Kim J. Y. Jang Y. Kidoguchi 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2009,10(6):663-668
In an earlier study, the current authors showed that an unsteady-state lifted flame generated by an equivalence ratio conversion
system for a given fuel, was similar to a steady-state lifted flame in terms of the change characteristics from a premixed
flame to a critical flame and then to a triple flame with a diffusion flame positioned in the middle according to the concentration
difference. Therefore, this study used an OH-PLIF method to investigate the characteristics of a steady-state lifted flame
and an unsteady-state lifted flame created under conditions identical to the flames in the preceding study. PLIF (Planar laser
induced fluorescence) is practically effective for visualizing the concentration fields within a flame. The resulting OH-radical
measurements showed that an unsteady-state lifted flame created under the specific conditions used in this study showed similar
tendencies in terms of OH-radical distribution, fluorescence intensity, and liftoff height, to a steady-state lifted flame,
thereby confirming that the behavior of an unsteady-state lifted flame can be effectively predicted based on the behavior
of a steady-state lifted flame. 相似文献
832.
Y. T. Son B. Y. Kim K. J. Park H. Y. Lee H. J. Kim M. W. Suh 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2009,10(5):635-644
To guarantee the efficiency of maintenance strategies for a complex structure, safety and cost limitations must be considered.
This research introduces RCM-based (Reliability Centered Maintenance) life cycle optimization for reasonable maintenance.
The design variable is the reliability of each part, which consists of a complex structure, while the objective is to minimize
the total cost function in order to maintain the system within the desired system reliability. This research constructs the
cost function that can reflect the current operating condition and maintenance characteristics of individual parts by generating
essential cost factors. To identify the optimal reliability of each component in a system, this paper uses a Neuro-Evolutionary
technique. Additionally, this research analyzes the reliability growth of a system by using the AMSAA (Army Material Systems
Analysis Activity) model to estimate the failure rate of each part. The MTBF (Mean Time Between Failure) and the failure rate
of the whole system, which is responding to the individual parts, are estimated based on the history data by using neural
networks. Finally, this paper presents the optimal life cycle of a complex structure by applying the optimal reliability and
the estimated MTBF to the RAMS (Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, and Safety) algorithm. 相似文献
833.
An in-house simulation program was developed that can be utilized to predict flow characteristics such as pressure and velocities
in any flow network system comprising multiple flow components, i.e., pipe, pump, heat exchanger, valves, etc. Although the
code is intended for applications to network flow systems in a vehicle, it is written in a generalized manner to handle any
possible network configuration of flow components. Therefore, it can easily function in various industrial applications. The
network system where the flow is assumed to be one-dimensional is mathematically formulated by applying two conservation rules,
mass and energy, to each flow component. These rules produce a set of non-linear equations. These non-linear equations are
solved iteratively by adopting the Newton-Raphson scheme. This program has been tested in many different cases to demonstrate
its validity and applicability. In this paper, two examples are introduced to show how the program can be used to find solutions
in real engineering problems. Throughout the study, it was found that the code can most efficiently be used to verify a proposed
design concept in an early design stage of the vehicle development cycle. The thermal analysis portion of the program will
be dealt with in Part II of the paper. 相似文献
834.
Harvey J. Miller John D. Storm 《Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies》1996,4(6):373-389
Travel demand analyses are useful for transportation planning and policy development in a study area. However, travel demand modeling faces two obstacles. First, standard practice solves the four travel components (trip generation, trip distribution, modal split and network assignment) in a sequential manner. This can result in inconsistencies and non-convergence. Second, the data required are often complex and difficult to manage. Recent advances in formal methods for network equilibrium-based travel demand modeling and computational platforms for spatial data handling can overcome these obstacles. In this paper we report on the development of a prototype geographic information system (GIS) design to support network equilibrium-based travel demand models. The GIS design has several key features, including: (i) realistic representation of the multimodal transportation network, (ii) increased likelihood of database integrity after updates, (iii) effective user interfaces, and (iv) efficient implementation of network equilibrium solution algorithms. 相似文献
835.
Procedures to transform GPS tracks into activity-travel diaries have been increasingly addressed due to their potential benefit to replace traditional methods used in travel surveys. Existing approaches for data annotation however are not sufficiently accurate, which normally involves a prompted recall survey for data validation. Imputation algorithms for transportation mode detection seem to be largely dependent on speed-related features, which may blur the quality of classification results, especially with transportation modes having similar speeds. Therefore, in this paper we propose an enhanced integrated imputation approach by incorporating the critical indicators related to trip patterns, reflecting the effects of uncertain travel environments, including bus stops and speed percentiles. A two-step procedure which embeds a segmentation model and a transportation mode inference model is designed and examined based on purified prompted recall data collected in a large-scale travel survey. Results show the superior performance of the proposed approach, where the overall accuracy at trip level reaches 93.2% and 88.1% for training and surveyed data, respectively. 相似文献
836.
海运教育与培训以及操船模拟器的国际展望 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
着重对操船模拟器的作用、技术条件、质量保证进行了专业分析,同时阐述了其在海运教育与培训中的作用,以及这两个领域的国际协作前景。 相似文献
837.
Fine sediment deposits in shelf seas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
From field observations it appears that the top layer of a shelf bottom in general exhibits an intricate geographical pattern of sediment formations. Sediments of different composition are confined in distinct regions. This contradicts the idea that current and wave forces stir up bottom sediment and disperse it in a random way over the shelf; the dispersal process is counteracted by sorting mechanisms. In this paper the bottom patterns of fine cohesive sediments are considered. A specific sorting mechanism is studied which may explain the patchy structure of fine sediment deposits. It is shown that fine sediments can be trapped in bottom deposits which contain a fine sediment fraction high enough to prevent pore water motion in the shelf bed. This mechanism opposes sediment dispersal away from existing deposits. It may also explain the formation or the preservation of mud patches, even in regions where the bottom shear stress is relatively high. 相似文献
838.
I. Andreu-Burillo J. Holt R. Proctor J.D. Annan I.D. James D. Prandle 《Journal of Marine Systems》2007,65(1-4):27
A one-dimensional scheme is used to assimilate satellite Sea Surface Temperature data into the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory Coastal Ocean Modelling System, set up in the Irish Sea with a fine resolution ( 1.8 km). The capabilities of the assimilation scheme are investigated using two different sets of satellite data, of lower and similar resolution to that of the model respectively. Comparison of results with independent data show that assimilation improves the modelled Sea Surface Temperature, but does not address model representation of the temperature vertical structure. It is concluded that for the Irish Sea and at the scales resolved by the model, the assimilation problem cannot be approached in a one-dimensional framework. It is also pointed out that forecast error needs to account explicitly for errors in the representation of the vertical structure of the thermal field.Three-dimensional methods that are suited for coastal systems are then suggested. 相似文献
839.
840.
Smart近日发布的新一代Fortwo延续独特的城市用微型车概念.新一代的发展更侧重于内涵.提高Fortwo的驾乘舒适性、操控性,主被动安全水平和更环保的排放。新车的外形设计在上一代的基础上渗入了新的设计语言.并试图改变第一代过于女性化的形象.以求新车能得到更多男性买家的认同。 相似文献