齐岳山隧道注浆必要性的数值分析与论证

根据万宜铁路齐岳山隧道的地质条件建立隧道渗流场的分析模型,模型贯彻“以堵为主,限量排放”的原则。考虑到排水盲管的作用,将隧道内表面设置为浸出面,及时将隧道内的渗水排出。模型真实的模拟了溶洞、暗河、断层对渗流场的影响。着重考虑了隧道在注浆与不注浆两种工况条件下的渗流情况。分别统计了两种工况下的水压力与渗水流量,最终论证了注浆的必要性与重要性。     

关于钢轨淬火线电力谐波的治理

1 问题提出 　　钢轨全长淬火线主要设备为大功率晶闸管中频电源,该中频电源是一种利用晶闸管把工频交流电变成中频交流电.通过感应圈给钢轨表面加热,然后经过冷却,达到给钢轨表面淬火的目的.由于晶闸管中频电源是一个高次谐波源,它会向电网注入大量的谐波电流,所谓谐波,就是频率为50Hz基波频率整倍数的一系列正弦波.如二次谐波频率为100Hz,三次谐波频率为150Hz…….虽然谐波的幅值比基波幅值小很多,但当它们和基波叠加在一起时,就产生一个50Hz的非正弦量,使原有电网的正弦波形发生畸变,谐波的幅值越大,电网波形畸变越严重,谐波的主要危害有:……     

The effects of marine cargo delays in law and commerce

With the development of door-to-door intermodal services and the advent of just-in-time supply systems, punctual delivery of cargoes is more than ever a priority both for shippers and for shipowners. This paper is about the incidence of delay in transportation, particularly in the marine mode, and its legal and commercial consequences.

The fundamental legal obligations of marine carriers have always included delivery with dispatch. Thus the law would seem to support the commercial expectations of shippers for reliable performance. The authors discuss the nature of these obligations, investigate their adequacy under modern conditions of trade and report on a survey of Canadian shippers and consignees.

The authors conclude that there appears to be a divergence in the toleration of delay, but that few of the Canadian companies suffering unacceptable delays received, or even sought, financial compensation and none of them planned to do more. The authors speculate about their reasons for absorbing the losses incurred through unacceptable delays. The evidence from the survey is that shippers, in spite of their dissatisfaction with the resolution or outcome of incidents of unacceptable delay, are loath to seek compensation through legal means, but instead prefer to resort to a range of commercial actions.     

基于Web的CAI教学信息管理系统的研究

作者介绍了基于Web的CAI教学信息管理系统(九五国家重点科技攻关项目)的开发背景及采用先进的网络技术解决的主要问题,并给出一个实例,最后对基于Web的数据库开发提出几点建议。     

复方丹参注射液对大鼠急性胰腺炎的预防作用

本文报道了丹参注射液在大鼠急性胰腺炎模型中对胰腺组织的保护作用,复方丹参注射液能明显减轻实验大鼠胰腺的出血及坏死程度,降低大鼠的死亡率。血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的检测结果:丹参保护组较急性胰腺炎(AP)组SOD的含量明显降低。提示丹参注射液通过改善胰腺的微循环,提高胰腺组织对缺氧的耐受性,减少氧自由基的产生,而最终减轻胰腺的病变程度。     

Human-Centered Design of an Acc-With-Braking and Forward-Crash-Warning System

This paper addresses the development of driver assistance systems whose functional purposes are to provide both adaptive cruise control (ACC) and forward collision warning (FCW). The purpose of the paper is to combine concepts from human factors psychology, vehicle-dynamics, and control theory, thereby contributing to the body of knowledge and understanding concerning human-centered approaches for designing and evaluating driver assistance systems. Conceptual and experimental results pertaining to driving manually and with the assistance of ACC and FCW are presented. The following human-centered aspects of driver-assistance systems are analyzed and presented: the looming effect; including rule-based and skill-based behavior in the design of ACC systems; using desired dynamics in controlling the driving process; braking rules that trade headway range for deceleration level; and collision-warning rules based on two different stress indicators. Field-test data are examined to justify and verify the parametric values selected for use in human-centered ACC systems. Measured data from on-road driving are used to evaluate the performance of proposed FCW systems in braking situations. The paper concludes with observations concerning the difficulty of developing a clear understanding of when and why drivers brake.     

Modal Controllers for Active Steering of Railway Vehicles with Solid Axle Wheelsets

This paper presents the development of a modal control strategy for the active steering of solid axle railway vehicles and reveals benefits of actively stabilising the wheelsets of a railway vehicle. A modal decomposition is applied to a 2-axle railway vehicle to de-couple its body lateral and yaw motions and hence to allow more detailed analysis of the vehicle behaviour and more robust design of active controllers. Independent controllers for the two motions are developed based on the two de-coupled modes. Parameter variations such as creep coefficients and wheelset conicity are taken into account in the design process to guarantee a robust design. The study shows that, compared to a passive vehicle, the vehicles with actively steered wheelsets not only perform much better on a curved track, but also improve the ride quality on straight track. Computer simulations are used in the study to verify the development of the controllers and assess the system performance with the control scheme proposed.     

EA4T车轴钢热处理冷却转变特性的研究

本文采用金相分析方法,系统地研究了EA4T钢在不同介质连续冷却、等温冷却下的组织转变。在860℃～920℃加热淬火时,随着加热温度降低,淬火所得的显微组织细小,这种工艺更有利于获得合格的晶粒度;该钢具有很强的贝氏体形成能力,即使空冷也能得到贝氏体组织;此钢在520℃以下等温,可抑制先共析铁素体的析出,得到粒状贝氏体组织,随着等温温度的降低,转变速度加快,在450℃下等温300s就可得到完全的贝氏体组织。