外海无掩护码头中挡浪板的计算与应用

东营港扩建工程为形成掩护水域和挡浪,后方承台采用预制钢筋混凝土挡浪板遮帘.需安装挡浪板184块,高度10.6m,单块重124t.文章就挡浪板的计算与安装作简要介绍,为类似工程的建提设供参考.     

细水雾与排烟系统共同作用下地铁车站火灾烟气蔓延规律

为研究岛式地铁车站内列车发生火灾时，站台细水雾与排烟系统对烟气蔓延的控制效果，依托西安地铁4号线岛式地铁车站，采用FDS软件建立1：1的数值仿真模型，选择大涡模拟，研究站内列车火灾规模为5 MW时，站台细水雾与排烟系统共同作用下，火灾烟气蔓延速度、能见度与温度场的分布特征，分析了细水雾与排烟系统对烟气蔓延特性的影响规律；并通过缩尺模型试验，验证了数值模拟方法研究细水雾控制地铁火灾烟气蔓延的可靠性。研究结果表明：车门间隔开启时，烟气先向列车两侧蔓延，150 s时扩散至整个车厢并向站台层蔓延，当开启站台细水雾时，烟气温度明显下降，且随着细水雾粒径的减小与流量的增大，烟层降温效果增强；当水雾粒径为100 μm，流量为8 L·min^-1时，距离站台中线3 m处断面平均温度为36.19℃，较未开启细水雾时温升降幅可达62.91%；同时细水雾使得烟层蔓延速度减小，在开启细水雾系统后200 s内2^#楼梯口平均空气质量流速下降39.72%；当开启排烟系统时，可使列车内温度场纵向分布最大值向火源下游移动，加快站台层及列车内对流换热效率，使细水雾的气相冷却作用得到加强，二者同时作用时降温阻烟效果最佳。     

Safety of child passengers who ride to school on a motorcycle: An observational study in two Argentine cities

In low- and middle-income countries, the motorcycle has increasingly become a means of family transportation due to its low cost and the poor quality of public transportation. Consequently, many child motorcycle passengers are at an elevated risk of serious injury in the event of a traffic crash. The available research on child safety devices is scarce and focused mainly on helmet use, while other devices (e.g. high-visibility clothing) have received little attention. This observational study documented the safety conditions and related factors of primary schoolchildren who rode to school as motorcycle passengers in two cities of Argentina.Data was obtained in the vicinity of 27 public primary schools in two cities of Argentina (one mid-sized city and the other a small city by the country's standards) between May 2018 and September 2019. A total of 1440 motorcycle occupants (656 drivers and 784 child passengers) were observed.The use of an adequate helmet was lower among children (vs. drivers). Most of the children were unable to reach the motorcycle's footrests, did not use high-visibility clothing or a fastening device, carried a backpack, and mounted and dismounted the motorcycle in an unsafe place. Some children rode in front of the driver or in a motorcycle with three or four occupants. Use of helmet by drivers and driver sex (woman) were related with an increase in safety in children. The indicators were worse in the larger city.The results revealed a low level of adoption of safety measures in children as well as in adults in both cities. This suggests that motorcycle travel is unsafe. Greater effort is needed to improve motorcycle safety, especially for children. It is important to debate regulatory details such as a minimum age for passengers, a limit on the number of passengers, and other safety criteria. It is also important to conduct educational campaigns that include the distribution of safety devices.     

乌精二线无缝线路应力放散施工技术

在无缝线路施工中,应力放散均匀和锁定轨温的控制是施工过程中的核心问题,应力放散均匀,使实际锁定轨温控制在设计锁定轨温范围内,是施工控制的关键工序.本文主要以乌精二线无缝线路应力放散及锁定施工为例,介绍无缝线路施工过程中应力放散的施工技术.     

地域性级配GAC-16C沥青混凝土在江肇高速公路中的应用研究

以广东省江肇高速公路2期工程为依托，将地域性级配GAC-16C沥青混凝土，与AC-16C沥青混凝土进行对比，室内试验结果表明：GAC-16C沥青混凝土在高温稳定性等方面具有一定的优势；试验段各项指标现场检测均满足规范及设计要求。由此可知GAC是一种较好的地域性级配，其应用效果可为国内研究适合各地区地域型级配的沥青混凝土提供参考。     

平顺性评价新、旧国际标准对比分析研究

从频率范围、测点位置、评价方法、评价结果等方面比较分析了平顺性评价的国际标准ISO2631的新版本(1997年版)和旧版本(1985年版)的区别.通过实际试验分析指出,新标准的定性评价结果更易于被用户或研制方接受;新标准中对综合振动的评价更全面、更准确;新标准的评价结果与驾乘者主观感觉能较好地吻合.     

Challenges and Prospects of Fisheries Co-Management under a Marine Extractive Reserve Framework in Northeastern Brazil

In Brazil, Marine Extractive Reserves—MERs (Reservas Extrativistas Marinhas) represent the most significant government-supported effort to protect the common property resources upon which traditional small-scale fishers depend. From an initial small-scale experience in 1992, MERs have expanded countrywide, now encompassing 30 units (9,700 km²) and nearly 60,000 fishers. Despite such escalating interest in the model, there is little research on the effectiveness of MERs. In this article, we discuss relevant parts of the history and examine the current situation of the fisheries co-management initiative in the Marine Extractive Reserve of Corumbau, which was created in 2000 as the first MER to encompass coral reefs and reef fisheries. We describe the Extractive Reserve co-management arrangement and its main policy and legislative challenges. Finally, we discuss the prospects for the use of MERs as management frameworks for traditional small-scale fisheries in Brazil.     

Integrated modeling of urban hierarchy and transportation network planning

A major problem addressed during the preparation of spatial development plans relates to the accessibility to facilities where services of general interest such as education, health care, public safety, and justice are offered to the population. In this context, planners typically aim at redefining the level of hierarchy to assign to the urban centers of the region under study (with a class of facilities associated with each level of hierarchy) and redesigning the region’s transportation network. Traditionally, these two subjects – urban hierarchy and transportation network planning – have been addressed separately in the scientific literature. This paper presents an optimization model that simultaneously determines which urban centers and which network links should be promoted to a new level of hierarchy so as to maximize accessibility to all classes of facilities. The possible usefulness of the model for solving real-world problems of integrated urban hierarchy and transportation network planning is illustrated through an application to the Centro Region of Portugal.     

东营港码头工程钢管桩防腐措施及应用

东营港扩建工程二号泊位承台部分桩基共有钢桩458根,为了保证工程设计使用年限,对钢管桩采取涂层和牺牲阳极联合防腐措施。经检测,保护电位满足设计要求,防腐措施科学、合理。