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991.
Patricia L. Mokhtarian 《Transportation》2005,32(6):679-682
Contents Volume
Contents Volume 32 2005 相似文献992.
This article uses data from the 2001 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) to compare travel behavior in rural and urban areas of the U.S. As expected, the car is the overwhelmingly dominant mode of travel. Over 97% of rural households own at least one car vs. 92% of urban households; 91% of trips are made by car in rural areas vs. 86% in urban areas. Regardless of age, income, and race, almost everyone in rural areas relies on the private car for most travel needs. Mobility levels in rural areas are generally higher than in urban areas. That results from the more dispersed residences and activity sites in rural areas, which increase trip distances and force reliance on the car. Somewhat surprisingly, the rural elderly and poor are considerably more mobile than their urban counterparts, and their mobility deficit compared to the rural population average is strikingly less than for the urban elderly and poor compared to the urban average. Data limitations prevented a measurement of accessibility, however, and it seems likely that rural areas, by their very nature, are less accessible than urban areas, especially for the small percentage of car-less poor and elderly households. 相似文献
993.
994.
Eleni I. Vlahogianni Charles L. Webber Jr. Nikolas Geroliminis Alexander Skabardonis 《Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies》2007,15(6):392-403
The performance of signalized arterials is related to queuing phenomena. The paper investigates the effect of transitional traffic flow conditions imposed by the formation and dissipation of queues. A cross-recurrence quantification analysis combined with Bayesian augmented networks are implemented to reveal the prevailing statistical characteristics of the short-term traffic flow patterns under the effect of transitional queue conditions. Results indicate that transitions between free-flow conditions, critical queue conditions that exceed the detector’s length, as well as the occurrence of spillovers impose a set of prevailing traffic flow patterns with different statistical characteristics with respect to determinism, nonlinearity, non-stationarity and laminarity. The complexity in critical queue conditions is further investigated by introducing two supplementary regions in the critical area before spillover occurrence. Results indicate that the supplementary information on the transitional conditions in the critical area increases the accuracy of the predictive relations between the statistical characteristics of traffic flow evolution and the occurrence of transitions. 相似文献
995.
从材料力学中构件截面抗弯、抗剪平衡原理出发,分析桥梁的横截面、纵向桥型体系的受力特点,并以梁的受力方式来理解常用的纵向受力体系,如拱、斜拉、悬索等结构体系,称之为“等代梁”。从而将常见桥型分为两类:按正弯矩设计的体系,如简支梁、拱桥、悬索桥;按负弯矩设计的体系,如T构、连续梁、连续刚构和斜拉桥。提出了以组合体系来解决目前常见大跨径梁式桥常见病害的看法。 相似文献
996.
Strathman James G. Kimpel Thomas J. Dueker Kenneth J. Gerhart Richard L. Callas Steve 《Transportation》2002,29(3):321-345
In this paper, archived Automatic Vehicle Location and Automatic Passenger Counter data are used to evaluate actual bus running time variation in relation to scheduled service for Tri-Met, the transit provider for the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area. Given observed variation in running times, scheduled recovery times are found to be generally (though not universally) excessive. This results in an under-investment of resources in revenue service relative to non-revenue service. Analysis of trip level data reveals that bus operators are an important source of running time variation after controlling for such factors as route design, time of day and direction of service, and passenger activity. 相似文献
997.
Byung-Wook Wie Roger L. Tobin Malachy Carey 《Transportation Research Part B: Methodological》2002,36(10)
In this paper, a dynamic user equilibrium traffic assignment model with simultaneous departure time/route choices and elastic demands is formulated as an arc-based nonlinear complementarity problem on congested traffic networks. The four objectives of this paper are (1) to develop an arc-based formulation which obviates the use of path-specific variables, (2) to establish existence of a dynamic user equilibrium solution to the model using Brouwer's fixed-point theorem, (3) to show that the vectors of total arc inflows and associated minimum unit travel costs are unique by imposing strict monotonicity conditions on the arc travel cost and demand functions along with a smoothness condition on the equilibria, and (4) to develop a heuristic algorithm that requires neither a path enumeration nor a storage of path-specific flow and cost information. Computational results are presented for a simple test network with 4 arcs, 3 nodes, and 2 origin–destination pairs over the time interval of 120 periods. 相似文献
998.
999.
To study the behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with sections of concrete removed and the reinforcement exposed, 3D nonlinear numerical analysis was performed upon both intact and debonded RC beams by using finite element techniques. The deformational characteristics and the ultimate loads were obtained through numerical models, as well as crack and stress distributions. The failure modes can also be deduced from computational results. Compared with intact beams, the normal assumptions of plane section behaviour is not hold true and the patterns of stress and strain are different in debonded RC beams. The numerical results show good consistency with experimental data. This kind of numerical simulation is a supplement to existing codes. 相似文献
1000.
城市客运交通结构发展模式的研究是城市战略规划的核心问题之一,不同的客运交通结构的运行效率、能源消耗、道路资源的占有以及对环境的影响程度等都是截然不同的,同时它还影响着城市的布局形态与城市的活力。 相似文献