钢筋混凝土构件的弹塑性性能分析方法比较

根据约束混凝土应力-应变关系,采用纤维单元模型与插值函数结合的方法,编制适用于计算不同截面的约束混凝土弯矩-曲率曲线的程序,经比较该程序具有良好的精度和适用性.     

一种基于分区段模式土工加筋拉伸应变分析方法

桩承式加筋路堤在软土地基道路工程中的应用越来越广泛,在对该复合体系中的水平土工加筋进行等效兜提作用的薄膜效应评价时,传统研究方法主要存在2点不足:一是在进行加筋体受力分析时对筋材的区段工作模式的区分还不够明确,这不利于定量刻画筋层的拉伸应变分布和大小及其受挠曲形态变化的影响;二是多数加筋拉应变分析方法以基于筋材净跨挠曲...     

爆破排淤填石法在锦州港的应用

爆破排淤填石法是处理水下软基的有效方法,具有工艺简单、施工速度快、造价低、建筑物稳定性可靠等特点。结合锦州港三、四港池防波堤及围堰工程,介绍采用爆破排淤填石法处理水下软基的施工工艺及效果,可为类似工程的施工提供借鉴经验。     

长大编组列车纵向动作用力遥测系统

介绍了俄罗斯长大编组列车纵向动作用力遥测系统。试验结果表明,测试值和计算值的最大差值在±5%以内。     

级配碎石基层施工关键技术

对级配碎石基层的级配和施工工艺进行了系统的研究,并通过对比5种试验路方案来确定级配碎石基层与沥青混凝土中面层之间的黏结层,即:煤油稀释沥青透层、SBR改性乳化沥青黏层油、煤油稀释沥青透层+SBR改性乳化沥青黏层油、煤油稀释沥青透层+SBS改性沥青碎石封层、高渗透乳化沥青透层油的使用效果,最终推荐采用高渗透乳化沥青透层油的黏结层方案,并得出了一些关于级配碎石基层施工的关键技术成果。     

Effects of split injection,oxygen enriched air and heavy EGR on soot emissions in a diesel engine

The effects of split injection, oxygen enriched air, and heavy exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on soot emissions in a direct injection diesel engine were studied using the KIVA-3V code. When split injection is applied, the second injection of fuel into a cylinder results in two separate stoichiometric zones, which helps soot oxidation. As a result, soot emissions are decreased. When oxygen enriched air is applied together with split injection, a higher concentration of oxygen causes higher temperatures in the cylinder. The increase in temperature promotes the growth reaction of acetylene with soot. However, it does not improve acetylene formation during the second injection of fuel. As more acetylene is consumed in the growth reaction with soot, the concentration of acetylene in the cylinder is decreased, which leads to a decrease in soot formation and thus soot emissions. A combination of split injection, a high concentration of oxygen, and a high EGR ratio shows the best results in terms of diesel emissions. In this paper, the split injection scheme of 75.8.25, in which 75% of total fuel is injected in the first pulse, followed by 8°CA of dwell time, and 25% of fuel is injected in the second pulse, with an oxygen concentration of 23% in volume and an EGR ratio of 30% shows a 45% reduction in soot emissions, with the same NOx emissions as in single injection.     

A methodological approach for environmental characterization of ports

This paper introduces a methodology for the characterization of ports, employing specifically defined eco-efficiency indicators and combining typically available data (handled cargo, containers and passengers) with ship exhaust pollutants values (mainly NO_x, SO_x and PM) and anticipated external costs (ECs) due to emitted air pollutants to provide a collective overview of all port-related economic and environmental activities. The results from an applied case study allow a comparative evaluation of 16 selected ports based on 17 different evaluation criteria and denote that the employment of such an overall approach can allow port authorities to improve managerial aspects, potentially lower operational costs and promote reduced environmental effects.     

Deterring the dauntless—appraising the effects of naval deterrence against the Somali piracy

This article considers whether the Somali pirates were deterred by the naval task forces between the years 2009 and 2013. By disaggregating data and using previously unpublished records regarding the naval operations, two areas of operations are identified as potential periods of deterrence. The article uses a model of asymmetric deterrence to study the outcomes and equilibria of the navy-pirate interaction. It is found that the naval operations eventually did deter the Somali pirates in the Gulf of Aden, but that this objective was not met in the Somali Basin. It is concluded that the operational focus on the Gulf of Aden coupled with the fact that the area is relatively smaller than the Somali Basin enabled the naval credibility, thus effectively denying the pirates access to the sea. Conversely, limited attention by the naval units and the long Somali southern coast with its open waters impeded naval control in the Somali Basin. In connection to these findings some conclusions regarding naval deterrence are discussed.     

Scattering of oblique surface water waves by thin vertical barrier over undulating bed topography

The present study deals with the scattering of oblique surface water waves by small undulation on the bottom in the presence of a thin vertical barrier. Here, three different configurations of vertical barriers are investigated. Perturbation analysis is employed to determine the physical quantities, namely, the reflection and transmission coefficients. In this analysis, many different Boundary Value Problems (BVPs) are obtained out of which the first two bvps are considered. The zeroth order bvp is solved with the aid of eigenfunction expansion method. The first order reflection and transmission coefficients are derived in terms of the integrals by the method of the Green’s integral theorem. The variation of these coefficients is plotted and analyzed for different physical parameters. Furthermore, the energy balance relation, an important relation in the study of water wave scattering, is derived and checked for assuring the correctness of the numerical results for the present problem.     

All minutes are not equal: travel time and the effects of congestion on commute satisfaction in Canadian cities

Despite decades of research, it is unclear under which circumstances travel is most onerous. While studies have found that some individuals derive positive utility from aspects of commuting, others have shown that traffic congestion can entail important time, monetary, and mental stress costs. Moreover, responses to traffic congestion-related stressors differs by individual characteristics. In response, this research captures how exposure to traffic congestion events, the duration of this exposure, and individual trait susceptibility to congestion affect the utility of commuting. Working through the lens of individual satisfaction with the duration of their commute, we show that not every minute of travel is valued the same by car commuters in Canadian cities. Results suggest a complex relationship between travel time, congestion, and individual predisposition to congestion-related stress. While improvements in travel time matter for increasing commute satisfaction, it is reductions in travel in congested conditions that matter most, particularly among those susceptible to congestion-related stressors.