Are travelers substituting between transportation network companies (TNC) and public buses? A case study in Pittsburgh

Transportation - Transportation network companies (TNC) provide mobility services that are influencing travel behavior in unknown ways due to limited TNC trip-level data. How they interact with...     

The exclusive economic zone: criteria and machinery for the resolution of international conflicts between different users of the EEZ

It is highly probable that one of the results of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea will be the recognition of a new jurisdictional zone—the exclusive economic zone (EEZ). This 200-mile zone will be used for a variety of potentially conflicting purposes by both the coastal state and non-coastal states and it is therefore important to ensure that the new convention emerging from the conference should establish criteria and make provision for machinery for the resolution of the international conflicts between different users which will undoubtedly arise. This paper contains a critical analysis of the latest draft articles under consideration at the Conference and considers the criteria by reference to which disputes might be resolved.     

Attitudes of bus operators towards real-time transit information tools

Although it is apparent that providing useful information has a positive effect on transit riders, no studies to date have investigated bus operators’ reactions to real-time arrival information and other potential rider information tools. In this study, the project team surveyed 253 bus operators to determine their views and values concerning the existing use of real-time information and to ask about future transit rider information applications. Almost all operators (93 and 91 % on two separate questions) were positive or neutral to the provision of real-time information. In addition, operators were receptive to building other new information applications, with all applications in the survey being supported by at least 60 % of the bus operators. The two most widely supported potential applications in the survey were additional tools to help blind and deaf-blind riders (89 % of bus operators favored) and an application that would aid riders in identifying physical stop, shelter and bus issues such as graffiti, broken parts or a need for lights (88 % of bus operators). Applications displaying data about past performance or current bus capacity received the least support (66 and 61 % respectively). This research gives a better understanding of the impact of rider information tools on bus operators, including the views and values of the operators, and the harms and benefits of such tools.     

黎明的喧嚣——历史时期过渡的模式

通常历史学家用生日、死亡、政治大事或单一的文化事件等突然的标记来为历史分期,这使历史时间发生断裂,时代错误成为尴尬的问题.本文认为,时期的划分不应将鲜活的时间隔断.不同时期应连接流动的时间里相互联系的事件.基于赫尔德的比喻,作者提出将黎明的喧嚣作为一个历史时期过渡到下一个历史时期的模式.本文旨在从"时期"这一概念的词源、音乐及诗歌对黎明的喧嚣这一模式的再现等角度重新思考分期化问题,以说明多样性是历史时期过渡的界定性特征.时期点缀时间的流动,崭新重叠的组合并不为了真理而竞争,而是为了提供互补的含义.     

Airport obstacle surfaces

The most commonly used criteria to determine complicated airport obstacle surfaces are FAR Part 77 imaginary surfaces, TERPS, and the one engine inoperative obstacle identification surface for air carriers. For each obstacle surface there are tradeoffs encountered in our practice between the obstruction penetration and extension of runway, change of flight profile, and allowable aircraft maximum payloads. For the purposes of both airport engineering and airport planning, a better understanding of these different obstacle surfaces and their application is important. In this paper, the differences and relationships between these surfaces are addressed. The conditions for the use of each criterion are discussed. In addition, the FAA's Obstruction Evaluation / Airport Airspace Analysis (OE/AAA) process is reviewed.     

Discriminatory attitudes between ridesharing passengers

Transportation - Prior studies have provided evidence of discrimination between drivers and passengers in the context of ridehailing. This paper extends prior research by investigating...     

The Value of a Spillover Fishery for Spiny Lobsters Around a Marine Reserve in Northern New Zealand

The contribution that Leigh Marine Reserve in northern New Zealand makes to the local spiny lobster fishery was examined by comparing the catch characteristics of Jasus edwardsii around the reserve boundary with those from Coastal Leigh, 0.3-2 km from the reserve, and Little Barrier Island, 22-30 km from the reserve. Seasonal trends were apparent in the reserve catch characteristics, consistent with lobster movements into and out of offshore fishing areas adjacent to the boundary. No significant difference was detected in catch per unit effort (kg.trap haul -1 ) among locations. However, the catch around the marine reserve consisted of fewer but larger lobsters than at Little Barrier Island, while the size and number of lobsters caught per trap haul at Coastal Leigh was intermediate between the other two locations. Catch rates around the reserve were more variable than at the other sites, but on average, the amount of money made per trap haul was similar to Little Barrier Island and Coastal Leigh.