Comparison study on characteristics of nano-sized particle number distribution by using condensation particle counter calibrated with spray and soot type particle generation methods

In the year 2011, the Particle Measurement Program (PMP) in Europe started the regulation of the diesel vehicle’s nano-sized particle number density (PN) due to its high degree of harm to the human body. Concretely, the standard level of PN emission was introduced in the Euro 5+ and 6 emissions regulation with a limit (<6.0 × 10¹¹#/km) for diesel light-duty vehicle. Therefore, the determination of suitable and sophisticated instruments for reliable particle sampling and analysis was essential in taking exact experimental data. Now, among the PN emission measuring devices suggested by the PMP, condensation particle counter (CPC) is a key equipment for measuring the particle number density in real time and it has been used extensively. However, CPC can cause different results depending on operating conditions of the saturator and condensation that induce different rates of particle growth. This study was conducted to analyze the effect of CPC calibrated by a two-particle generator with spray and soot type methods applied on the nano-sized particle distribution’s parameters such as number concentration and linearity. Also, in order to ensure the reliability for particle sensor system named as PPS, which had emerged as a useful diagnostic to making spatially and temporally resolved quantitative measurements of diesel PN concentration, it was compared with calibrated CPC system. As a result, nano-sized particle measuring system with CPC calibrated by spray type particle generator had a much higher counting efficiency, indicating a larger nano size available than soot type particle generator. And, comparative experimental results on the correlation between the particle number of CPC to a reflectance PPS system showed that above 5,000 #/cm ³ in number concentrations measured by CPC as well as PPS were found to be similar with good linear relationship.     

Urea-SCR system optimization with various combinations of mixer types and decomposition pipe lengths

The demand for NO_x after-treatment system has increased dramatically due to the stricter NO_x emission regulations for diesel vehicles. The urea-SCR system is one of the NO_x after-treatment methods found to be quite effective to meet the regulation requirement enforced by various authorities including the Euro-6. In order to develop an effective urea-SCR system, it is critical to establish an even distribution of reductant over the catalyst surface since this favorable distribution can increase reduction reaction and in turn, improve NO_x conversion efficiencies. In the current study, a number of design variations of the urea-SCR system which included two mixer types and three decomposition pipe lengths, were evaluated systematically using CFD analysis and experimental measurements. The purpose of the CFD analysis was to estimate the distribution of reductant within the urea-SCR system with a specific configuration and the purpose of the engine emission test was to measure the amount of NO_x reduction, respectively. The results from the systematic analysis revealed the relation between the reductant distribution over the SCR and the performance of the NO_x reduction.     

Research on classification of malware source code

In the face threat of the Internet attack, malware classification is one of the promising solutions in the field of intrusion detection and digital forensics. In previous work, researchers performed dynamic analysis or static analysis after reverse engineering. But malware developers even use anti-virtual machine （VM） and obfuscation techniques to evade malware classifiers. By means of the deployment of honeypots, malware source code could be collected and analyzed. Source code analysis provides a better classification for understanding the purpose of attackers and forensics. In this paper, a novel classification approach is proposed, based on content similarity and directory structure similarity. Such a classification avoids to re-analyze known malware and allocates resources for new malware. Malware classification also let network administrators know the purpose of attackers. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system can classify the malware efficiently with a small misclassification ratio and the performance is better than virustotal.     

一种新的多电平逆变器PWM方法及其理论分析

针对多电平逆变器的空间电压矢量数目庞大,以至于SVPwM方法难以实现的问题,研究了基于H桥五电平逆变器的载波PWM方法.根据相移SPwM方法的思想,提出调制波与载波均相移的控制方法.利用双重傅里叶变换及其相关性质,理论上定量分析和计算了PD-PSPWM和POD-PSPWM两种方法的差模电压及共模电压的谐波特性,并进行了仿真试验.理论分析和仿真结果均表明,α=π,β=π时POD-PSPwM方法可使直流电压利用率,输出差模电压和共模电压的综合性能达到最优.     

Theoretical method for predicting the weight reduction rate of a box-type car body for rolling stock by material substitution design

In this paper, a theoretical approach is suggested for predicting the structural performances and weight reduction rate of a car body with a box-type section when its material is substituted with a lightweight material for weight saving. For the material substitution design of a car body for rolling stock, bending, axial, and twisting deformations should be considered at constant stiffness and strength conditions. To compare the weight reduction effects on different material applications, some new indices were derived from a structural performance point of view. The derived indices provide good measures to estimate weight reduction by material substitution design and can be effectively applied to the conceptual design of a car body.     

土石混填路基压实度的加权平均密度法检测

针对土石混填路基的最大干密度和路基实际干密度确定困难的情况,提出了以水袋法为基础的加权平均密度法来测定路基的压实度,并分析了试坑大小对试验结果的影响,得到了满足规范要求的试坑半径函数D=f（r）（r为最大粒径）。经实践检验该法用于施工及检验施工质量,效果较好。     

多媒体网络课堂中学生自主能力的培养

本文以建构主义理论和元认知理论为基础,以“基于多媒体网络的大学英语教学”的实验班和传统教学模式下的参照班的学生为研究主体,探讨了新的教学模式中学生自主能力的培养。历时一年的教学实践后,对学生进行了自我计划性,自我监控性以及自我评价的调查分析,其结果表明“以学生为中心”的课堂教学不可忽视教师的指导作用。     

土钉支护在软土边坡中的应用

以四川宜宾的河道整治工程为例,对土钉支护软土边坡的有关问题进行了分析探讨。结果表明,土钉支护可以应用于软土边坡的支护。     

固体超强酸光催化降解大红染料的研究

通过自制的固体超强酸催化剂对大红染料废水进行光催化降解研究,考察了反应条件、催化剂投加量、pH值、紫外灯照射时间及染料初始浓度对光催化降解过程的影响,确定了最佳实验条件:催化剂投加量为2 g/L,pH值为6,紫外灯照射时间为150 min,大红染料浓度为100 mg/L.在此基础上添加助催化剂和H2O2,降解率进一步提高.     

摩托车配气机构运动学和动力学模拟分析

根据配气机构运动学和动力学分析,试制了优化凸轮实物,采用优化凸轮进行了发动机对比性能试验和耐久性试验.试验表明,优化凸轮能满足发动机性能要求,发动机耐久试验后,优化凸轮没有出现异常磨损现象,和模拟分析结果一致.