The ‘Four Dimensions of Behaviour’ framework: a tool for characterising behaviours to help design better interventions

This paper sets out the rationale and structure of a tool for assisting policy-makers and practitioners to understand behavioural challenges and open up thinking on the design of effective ‘behaviour change’ interventions. The ‘Four Dimensions of Behaviour’ (4DB) framework is based on the theoretical and empirical research in a range of policy domains including transport and pro-environmental behaviour more generally. The 4DB framework characterises multifaceted behaviours along dimensions of actor, domain, durability and scope. Its application in workshop or structured settings opens up diverse and non-exclusive discussion on designing interventions to match salient behavioural characteristics. The use of the 4DB framework in the transport domain is demonstrated for travel behaviours of interest to policy-makers using examples of buying plug-in vehicles (PiVs), commuting by bicycle, eco-driving and making business trips by train.     

TBM掘进数据标准化预处理方法研究北大核心CSCD

TBM信息化采集了海量数据,对TBM数据的标准化预处理是进行诸多研究的前提。基于此,提出了一种TBM掘进数据标准化处理方法,依托TBM现场施工掘进大数据,以破岩特征为依据选取基本掘进参数(刀盘转速、推进速度、刀盘推力及刀盘扭矩)分析掘进过程TBM数据特点,提出循环掘进过程空推段、上升段、稳定段及下降段起点的判别方法,对稳定段起点提出了标准差法判别方法、均值判别方法、直方图判别方法,满足实时和非实时的数据划分需求。最后对两个TBM工程的数据进行标准化预处理,实现施工大数据的标准化。结果表明,提出的标准化预处理方法可实现循环掘进过程数据的有效划分。研究成果可推广应用于众多TBM工程的数据标准化处理,有效实现机器学习数据库的建立。     

An experimental study of the effect of low-noise wheels in reducing noise and vibration

Wheel/rail interaction is a major source of railway noise. A low-noise wheel structure is developed and its effect on noise reduction is investigated. This low-noise wheel employs a rubber material inserted into the steel rim or mounted on the wheel surface. The low-noise wheel has low stiffness and a high-damping ratio compared to a solid wheel. Measurement shows that it reduces rolling and squealing. It turns out that a subway line with the proposed wheel could reduce its interior noise level by 4–5 dB(A) and vehicle vibration level by 7–8 dB. While the proposed structure seems promising in noise reduction for railway vehicles, the endurance and cost effectiveness of the low-noise wheel are yet to be verified.     

Persuasibility and its assessment

Persuasive technology is the use of computers, devices or applications to change a person’s attitudes or behavior. Persuasibility design within the system life-cycle is a nascent area of research which is different from design in the traditional method. This paper focuses on the research of persuasibility design and its assessment in the system life-cycle. A life-cycle oriented systemic general theory is developed in this paper to evaluate persuasibility design. Persuasibility assessment is considered as a part of persuasibility design. Its procedure and method are explored and analyzed based on the system life-cycle in this paper. A possible research direction is to create more explicit and detailed persuasion design and assessment methods which can be used not only in personal computer persuasive application, but also many other electric devices that are designed for persuasion purposes.     

Research and design of ship-shore integrated engine room intelligent operation and maintenance system based on data brain北大核心CSCD

[目的]为提升舰船机舱运维的智能化水平,针对机舱设备种类多、数量大、耦合关系复杂等特点,梳理机舱运维智能化应用的技术路线,开发船岸一体化机舱智能运维系统。[方法]首先,分析国内外机舱智能运维技术的发展趋势,融合利用健康管理、大数据挖掘、数字孪生、数据轻量化传输等技术优势;然后,设计符合舰船机舱特点的一体化智能运维系统。[结果]提出了一种基于数据大脑赋能的机舱智能运维系统功能框架、平台设计、运行体系、运行流程及关键技术应用。[结论]研究成果可为舰船机舱智能运维系统设计及应用实践提供参考。     

Development and Evaluation of Vehicle Simulation Models for a 4WS Application

In the scope of the European Prometheus project a passenger car with active rear wheel steering was developed by TNO in cooperation with PSA. During development and engineering of the rear wheel steering system simulation tools have been used to reduce development costs. This paper describes the evaluation of different simulation models, from simple to complex, with results of full vehicle driving tests. The optimal balance for model complexity and accuracy was achieved with a 2-dimensional model with an added roll degree of freedom. The results show that validation using time responses can give ambiguous and inaccurate results, and that frequency response functions are much more usable in validation.     

Optimal slack time for timed transfers at a transit terminal

At transit terminals where two routes interchange passengers, total system costs may be reduced by allowing some “slack” time in the vehicle schedules to decrease the probability of missed connections. Transfer cost functions are formulated and used to determine optimal slack time for simple systems with transfers between one bus route and one rail line. Some analytic results are derived for empirical discrete and Gumbel distributions of bus arrival times. Relations between the optimal slack times and headways, transfer volumes, passenger time values, bus operating costs, and standard deviations of bus and train arrivals are also developed numerically using normally distributed arrivals. However, the proposed numerical approach can optimize slack times for any observed arrival distributions. The results provide some guidelines on desirable slack times and show that schedule coordination between the two routes is not worth attempting when standard deviations of arrivals exceed certain levels. Possible extensions of this work are suggested in the last section.     

Biases in response over time in a seven-day travel diary

Data from multi-day travel or activity diaries might be biased if recording inaccuracies and tendencies for respondents to skip certain types of trips or activities increases (or decreases) from day-to-day over the diary period. One objective of the research reported here is to test for such temporal biases in a seven-day travel diary. A second objective is to calculate correction factors which can be applied to the data in the case that biases are found. The analyses were conducted using regression and analysis-of-variance techniques. The variables investigated included total trips per day, total travel time per day, and trips per day by various modes (such as walking, car driver and car passenger). Results showed that most biases per capita statistics are due to increases over time in the percentage of respondents reporting no travel at all for an entire day. However, even after accounting for this bias by measuring statistics in terms of per mobile person, there remains a decrease over time of about 3.5 percent per day in the reporting of walking trips. This appears to be the main factor in the overall bias of about one percent per day in total trips per mobile person per day. No significant differences were found among population segments in terms of the levels of their biases.     

小鼠10号染色体上致聋突变基因hml的精确定位(英文)

目的　定位小鼠致聋基因 ,识别决定其性状的有关突变 ,为人类耳聋基因研究提供动物模型。方法　利用全基因组扫描来定位名为hml可致小鼠听力丧失突变基因。结果　①hml基因定位在小鼠 10号染色体上 ,距中心粒约4 3cM处。根据已知的鼠 人同源同线性特点 ,提示人的同源基因位于 12 q2 2 -q2 4 ;②获得了 2 5个多态性微卫星标记 ,通过高分辨的小鼠图谱将 3个已知人类基因进行了正确排列 ,并将hml侯选基因限定在一个 5 0 0kb的区域内。     

Modal Controllers for Active Steering of Railway Vehicles with Solid Axle Wheelsets

This paper presents the development of a modal control strategy for the active steering of solid axle railway vehicles and reveals benefits of actively stabilising the wheelsets of a railway vehicle. A modal decomposition is applied to a 2-axle railway vehicle to de-couple its body lateral and yaw motions and hence to allow more detailed analysis of the vehicle behaviour and more robust design of active controllers. Independent controllers for the two motions are developed based on the two de-coupled modes. Parameter variations such as creep coefficients and wheelset conicity are taken into account in the design process to guarantee a robust design. The study shows that, compared to a passive vehicle, the vehicles with actively steered wheelsets not only perform much better on a curved track, but also improve the ride quality on straight track. Computer simulations are used in the study to verify the development of the controllers and assess the system performance with the control scheme proposed.