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781.
782.
X. Q. Sun L. Chen S. H. Wang X. L. Zhang X. F. Yang 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2016,17(3):399-408
This paper investigates the influence of ball-screw inerter nonlinearities on the vibration isolation performance of the vehicle suspension system. That is achieved by building a nonlinear mechanics model of the ball-screw inerter with friction in ball-screw assembly and elastic effect of screw. The parameters of the nonlinear mechanics model are identified using recursive least squares algorithm based on test data. Then, the nonlinear ball-screw inerter is applied to vehicle suspension analysis of the half-car model with three passive suspension layouts. The performance of the vehicle suspension system with the nonlinear ball-screw inerter is compared with that with the linear inerter. It is demonstrated from the results that the vibration isolation performance of the vehicle suspension system is slightly influenced by considering the ball-screw inerter nonlinearities in general. The influence of the ball-screw inerter nonlinearities on every performance indicator for different suspension layouts is discussed finally. 相似文献
783.
Steffen Wagner Thomas Weiskircher Dieter Ammon Günther Prokop 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2018,56(8):1139-1161
This paper presents a new application of active rear-wheel steering control to improve the lateral vehicle behaviour. In the state of the art, yaw or lateral velocity is used as control variable that means one degree of freedom being not directly controlled. A worse subjective impressions due to movements in the rear end of the vehicle during strong counter-steering are a consequence. To avoid this effect in urban surroundings, an innovative structure to control the pivot point distance of the vehicle is proposed. In this case the coupled elementary states yaw and lateral velocity can be influenced based on a higher level criteria. Analysis show that pivot point fixing provides a comprehensible reference behaviour. Solving the issue of singularity during disappearing yaw movement is the basis to design a performant modified feedforward input–output linearisation. An analytic stability analysis of the internal dynamics shows system immanent limitations which do not influence the target of improving the lateral vehicle dynamics in urban manoeuvres. Finally, the advantages of pivot-based control are highlighted by a comparison with state of the art rear axle control. 相似文献
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786.
The thermodynamic (energy and exergy) analysis of a condensate heating system, its segments, and components from a marine steam propulsion plant with steam rehe... 相似文献
787.
Workshop 1 was concerned to identify the real results of competitive tendering, and experience on how to make it work better, using evidence from the rail and bus sectors in a large number of countries spread around the world. It was found that competitive tendering had generally been successful in terms of quality and costs, but problems had occurred in a number of cases, so careful attention must be paid to the design of tendering exercises, details of the contract, risk-sharing arrangements and the approach to any re-negotiation found to be necessary. As a result, an important conclusion is that the tendering authority needs a high degree of expertise in these issues; any thought that competitive tendering relieves the public authority of the need for expertise in public transport is mistaken. 相似文献
788.
Air transportation in Brazil has been recently liberalized and one of the consequences of this process is the concentration of flights in a few hubs. During the years 2006-2007 two fatal accidents created unprecedented chaos in both land and air sides of the system with harmful consequences to tourism in Brazil. The consequences were more airport congestion and many episodes of flight delays and cancellations that lasted for several months. We argue that, among other factors, this state of blackout was a result of the increase in the degree of concentration in few airports, particularly Congonhas (in São Paulo) and Brasília. Using data obtained from a survey with Brazilian experts, a comparison was made with two existing methods (the one used by the US Federal Aviation Administration and the usual Herfindahl-Hirschman method) in order to calculate the number of hubs in Brazil. Due to the huge discrepancy obtained between data from the survey and the other two methods considered, a new mathematical method based on the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index was proposed to identify the number of hubs in a given network. Drawing from the examples of what happened to tourist destinations during and after the air transport crisis in Brazil, the article concludes discussing the need for a more accurate tool to identify and to monitor the concentration of flights at the Brazilian air transportation network and its importance to tourism. 相似文献
789.
Activity scheduling simulation models represent an emerging and proposing approach to forecasting travel demand. The most
significant developmental challenge is the lack of empirical data on how people actually proceed through the scheduling and
conflict resolution process. This paper develops a new methodology to collect data about the rescheduling decision process.
The data collection involves six stages: preplanned schedule interview, coding of the preplanned schedule, second-by-second
Global Positioning System tracking, internet-based prompted recall diary, detection of rescheduling decisions (via comparison
of planned versus executed activities), and a final in-depth interview probing the how and why of rescheduling decisions.
Each stage of the methodology is described in detail with example results drawn from a pilot study. Key discoveries include:
elicitation of multiple preplanned schedule reporting methods (verbal, point-form, calendar); discovery that activity attributes
(time, location, involved persons) are planned on significantly different time horizons and include partial elaboration; and
provision of new insights into how and why rescheduling decisions are made. A method for automatically tracking rescheduling
decisions was also discovered. Overall, the new methodology has potential to contribute to the development of more realistic
models of the entire scheduling process, especially rescheduling and conflict resolution sub-models. 相似文献
790.
The goal of this paper is to better understand home-to-work travel distances throughout the Montréal Metropolitan region.
A simultaneous equation modelling analysis is carried out to jointly explain commuter trip length and home–work location as
a function of neighbourhood typologies, commuter socio-demographics and measures of job and worker accessibility. First, a
factor and cluster analysis of urban form is performed over the entire region on a fine-scale grid pattern. The outcome of
this analysis is the classification of typologies at both home and job locations. Different measures of accessibility and
commuter socio-demographics are then incorporated into the analysis. Varied data sources including a detailed Montréal Origin–Destination
Survey on over 30,000 home-to-work automobile trips are analyzed. Among other results, commuters that live and work in a different
sub-region almost double the average trip distance and although socio-economic factors have a statistically significant correlation
with commuter distance, these factors have a marginal effect. Interestingly, our results highlight the importance of urban
form and job accessibility. Deciding on whether to live and work in the same sub-region was modelled as an endogenous binary
random utility model; unobserved heterogeneities seem to be simultaneously influencing both the home–work location choice
and trip-to-work distances. Our results underscore the importance of home–work location with respect to urban form and job
accessibility. Hence, policies that support more dense and mixed land-use in suburban areas would not be enough to reduce
commuter distances. These actions should be accompanied by other policy initiatives to discourage long car trips. 相似文献