How do people respond to congestion mitigation policies? A multivariate probit model of the individual consideration of three travel-related strategy bundles

This study explores the relationships between adoption and consideration of three travel-related strategy bundles (travel maintaining/increasing, travel reducing, and major location/lifestyle change), linking them to a variety of explanatory variables. The data for this study are the responses to a fourteen-page survey returned by nearly 1,300 commuting workers living in three distinct San Francisco Bay area neighborhoods in May 1998. We first identified patterns of adoption and consideration among the bundles, using pairwise correlation tests. The test results indicate that those who have adopted coping strategies continue to seek for improvements across the spectrum of generalized cost, but perhaps most often repeating the consideration of a previously-adopted bundle. Furthermore, we developed a multivariate probit model for individuals’ simultaneous consideration of the three bundles. It is found that in addition to the previous adoption of the bundles, qualitative and quantitative Mobility-related variables, Travel Attitudes, Personality, Lifestyle, Travel Liking, and Sociodemographics significantly affect individual consideration of the strategy bundles. Overall, the results of this study give policy makers and planners insight into understanding the dynamic nature of individuals’ responses to travel-related strategies, as well as differences between the responses to congestion that are assumed by policy makers and those that are actually adopted by individuals.

Influence of shock absorber wearing on vehicle brake performance

In order to safely maintain a vehicle, it is necessary to verify the most important systems that affect safety during Periodic Motor Vehicle Inspections (PMVIs). In a previous paper, a test method and validation criteria were suggested by the authors to verify shock absorber status during PMVIs, as they are a fundamental component that may wear out during a vehicle’s life. In this paper, variations of the performance of the vehicle’s brakes resulting from shock absorber wearing have been analyzed, in order to confirm whether the suggested criteria is valid for taking into account longitudinal forces and pitch movement on the vehicle. A simulation-based study was conducted with several configurations of a worn damper on a vehicle driving on two virtual roads: smooth and undulating. The results confirmed that the damping coefficient established as an acceptable value to verify the shock absorber status in PMVIs is also valid considering the forces involved in a braking maneuver.     

回转型空气弹簧设计、仿真及实验研究

研究回转型空气弹簧设计计算的方法,采用MTS810试验机以及落锤冲击机对空气弹簧的性能特性进行了实验测试,设计计算及仿真计算结果和实验结果吻合较好.实验结果表明设计计算方法简单、准确,建立的Marc非线性有限元计算模型能够准确地模拟空气弹簧的特点,可用于空气弹簧地工程设计计算.空气弹簧冲击刚度有限元仿真计算及实验测试的方法可用于隔振元件冲击刚度计算与实验测试.     

基于PXI总线技术的测试设备研究

为测试某电子系统发射机相关性能参数,设计了基于PXI总线的发射机测试系统.论文阐述了测试系统的软硬件设计和关键技术,并对发射机进行了测试试验,测试结果表明该系统能快速可靠地测试发射机的电性能参数,对后续研发测试设备有一定的指导意义.     

苦参碱可抑制Th17所诱导的角质形成细胞IL-17RA、IL-21R及IL-22R1的表达

目的考察苦参碱(matrine,Mat)对Th17诱导的角质形成细胞(keratinocytes,KC)系HaCaT细胞白细胞介素-17受体A(IL-17RA)、白细胞介素-21受体(IL-21R)及白细胞介素-22受体1(IL-22R1)表达的影响。方法培养HaCaT细胞,用Th17分泌的主要效应因子IL-17A(10ng/mL)、IL-21(10ng/mL)及IL-22(10ng/mL)联合刺激HaCaT细胞模拟类银屑病样细胞模型,再用10μg/mL及100μg/mL的Mat干预此细胞模型,采用RT-qPCR及Western blot方法检测IL-17RA、IL-21R及IL-22R1的表达变化。结果 IL-17RA、IL-21R及IL-22R1的mRNA及蛋白在HaCaT细胞上有表达。IL-17A、IL-21及IL-22联合刺激可以显著促进HaCaT细胞IL-17RA、IL-21RmRNA及蛋白表达,IL-22R1蛋白的表达量升高(P<0.05)。Mat单独干预或与上述细胞因子联合干预组与未处理的HaCaT细胞组相比,IL-17RA、IL-21R及IL-22R1表达无显著下降(P>0.05),但可以显著降低IL-17A、IL-21及IL-22联合刺激后所升高的受体蛋白表达(P<0.05)。结论 IL-17A、IL-21及IL-22联合刺激角质形成细胞可以增强IL-17RA、IL-21R及IL-22R1的表达,Mat可抑制这种增强作用,可能在多种Th17介导的免疫性皮肤病中发挥抗炎作用。     

一种从血浆及血清中提取循环microRNA的方法

目的提取和检测血浆和血清中的循环microRNA(miRNA)分子。方法使用TRI REAGENT?BD试剂盒提取血浆和血清中的总RNA分子后,运用非变性凝胶电泳方法进行检测。随后采用miRNA反转录试剂盒反转录miRNA的cDNA分子,并使用实时定量荧光PCR方法检测miRNA分子。结果成功提取和检测到了血浆和血清中的总RNA,同时实时定量荧光PCR方法检测出血浆和血清中的循环miRNA分子。结论成功提取和检测到血浆和血清中的循环miRNA,并可用于实时定量PCR实验,为进一步的miRNA的理论研究和临床应用奠定了一定的实验基础。     

Model-based optimization of parameters for a diesel engine SCR system

A Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system simulation model for diesel engines was established based on MATLAB/Simulink. The model includes four subsystems: signal acquisition, DEF (Diesel Exhaust Fluid) dosing control, catalytic chemistry reaction and NO_X emissions reduction. The SCR control strategy was optimized based on ETC simulation results. Simulation and test results indicate that the model developed in this paper can predict ETC NO_X emissions accurately.     

基于Biba模型的三权分立分析

强制访问控制是建设高级别安全信息系统的必要条件.本文基于Biba模型,重点给出了信息系统中系统管理员、安全管理员和安全审计员三权分立的形式化分析.通过分析,给出三权分立管理机制下,保障信息系统安全管理的条件.本文的结果在某国家级信息系统的具体建设中得到了应用.     

2型糖尿病并发周围血管病变的临床流行病学分析

目的通过对比分析2型糖尿病并发周围血管病变(DPVD)及未发生周围血管病变(非DPVD)病例的临床流行病学资料,明确2型糖尿患者伴发DPVD的相关危险因素,为其早期诊治和预防提供依据。方法收集157例40～70岁临床已诊断2型糖尿病患者的临床流行病学资料,依据周围血管病的诊断标准将其分为DPVD组和非DPVD组;以生化分析仪测定两组患者的血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP);用多因素Logistic回归分析相关危险因素。结果与未发生周围血管病变病例相比,DPVD组患者病程较长,且高血压、周围神经病变及糖尿病眼病的并发率较高,生化分析显示DPVD组患者血清中hsCRP、TC/HDL-C水平升高,而HDL-C降低;经多因素Logistic回归分析发现,病程、hsCRP、HDL-C、TC/HDL-C为DPVD的独立危险因素。结论病程、血压增高、周围神经病、眼病、HDL-C减低及hsCRP增高与2型糖尿病患者并发周围血管病变相关,并且病程、HDL-C、hsCRP、TC/HDL-C是周围血管病变的独立危险因素。