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51.
ABSTRACTIn this paper, the research concentrates on the intermodal land transportation systems which link Antwerp and Rotterdam with a shared hinterland in the long and medium distance range. It uses a choice-based experiment which has been calibrated on the basis of real case studies to understand shipper’s choices between end-to-end chains. The stated choices reveal shippers’ preferences when needing to choose between two logistic pathways, which employ a similar multimodal composition of transport modes to bring the container from door-to-door, but which route the container differently through alternative maritime gateways. The study therefore touches upon the topic of port competition applying a value-driven supply chain approach. Despite narrow differences on the main performance criteria of the door-to-door chains, the empirical analysis proves that shippers are not loyal to one of the ports, but give preference to the lowest cost solution. Enhancing the frequency levels of the inland transportation solution is only at the benefit of the more costly chain. The findings reiterate the importance of intermodal land transport systems in the competition between load centres. 相似文献
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Travel information continues to receive significant attention in the field of travel behaviour research, as it is expected to help reduce congestion by directing the network state from a user equilibrium towards a more efficient system optimum. This literature review contributes to the existing literature in at least two ways. First, it considers both the individual perspective and the network perspective when assessing the potential effects of travel information, in contrast to earlier studies. Secondly, it highlights the role of bounded rationality as well as that of non-selfish behaviour in route choice and in response to information, complementing earlier reviews that mostly focused on bounded rationality only. It is concluded that information strategies should be tailor-made to an individual's level of rationality as well as level of selfishness in order to approach system-optimal conditions on the network level. Moreover, initial ideas and future research directions are provided for assessing the potential of travel information in order to improve network efficiency of existing road networks. 相似文献
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George Sammour Tom Bellemans Koen Vanhoof Davy Janssens Bruno Kochan Geert Wets 《Transportation》2012,39(4):773-789
This research paper aims at achieving a better understanding of rule-based activity-based models, by proposing a new level of validation at the process model level in the A Learning-based Transportation Oriented Simulation System (ALBATROSS) model. To that effect, the work activity process model, which includes six decision steps, has been investigated. Each decision step is evaluated during the prediction of the individuals?? schedules. There are specific decision steps that affect the execution pattern of the work activity process model. So, the comportment of execution in the process model contains activation dependency. This branches the execution and evaluation of each agent under examination. Sequence Alignment Methods (SAM) can be used to evaluate how similar/dissimilar the predicted and observed decision sequences are on an agent level. The original Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector decision trees at each decision step utilized in ALBATROSS are compared with other well known induction methods chosen to appraise the purpose of the analyses. The models are validated at four levels: the classifier or decision step level whereby confusion matrix statistics are used; The work activity trips Origin?CDestination matrix level; the time of day work activity start time level, using a correlation coefficient; and the process model level, using SAM. The results of validation on the proposed process model level show conformity to all validation levels. In addition, the results provide additional information in better understanding the process model??s behavior. Hence, introducing a new level of validation incur new knowledge and assess the predictive performance of rule-based activity-based models. And assist in identifying critical decision steps in the work activity process model. 相似文献
54.
Batley Richard Bates John Bliemer Michiel Börjesson Maria Bourdon Jeremy Cabral Manuel Ojeda Chintakayala Phani Kumar Choudhury Charisma Daly Andrew Dekker Thijs Drivyla Efie Fowkes Tony Hess Stephane Heywood Chris Johnson Daniel Laird James Mackie Peter Parkin John Sanders Stefan Sheldon Rob Wardman Mark Worsley Tom 《Transportation》2019,46(3):583-621
Transportation - This paper provides an overview of the study ‘Provision of market research for value of time savings and reliability’ undertaken by the Arup/ITS Leeds/Accent consortium... 相似文献
55.
Guy Cohen Jean-Pierre Quadrat Laura Wynter 《Transportation Research Part B: Methodological》2002,36(10)
In Clegg and Smith [Transportation Research B 35 (2001) 71–82] and Battye et al. [in: M. Patriksson, M. Labbe (Eds.), Transportation Planning – State of the Art, Proceedings of the 6th Meeting of the EURO Working Group on Transportation, Gothenburg, Sweden, September 9–11, 1998, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht], Smith and colleagues present an algorithm for solving the bilevel programming problem. We show that the points reached by the algorithm are not stationary points of bilevel programs in general. We further show that, with a minor modification, this method can be expressed as an inexact penalty method for gap function-constrained bilevel programs. 相似文献
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57.
Cathy Macharis Ellen Van Hoeck Ethem Pekin Tom van Lier 《Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice》2010,44(7):550-561
This paper presents the impact of fuel price increases on the market area of intermodal transport terminals. Aim of this research is to determine whether an increase in fuel prices is sufficient enough to raise the market area of intermodal transport to the same degree that would be accomplished by stimulating intermodal transport through policy instruments. Therefore, several fuel price scenarios are analysed in order to verify the impact of different fuel price evolutions on the market area of unimodal road transport compared to intermodal transport in Belgium. The LAMBIT-model (Location Analysis for Belgian Intermodal Terminals), which is a GIS-based model (Macharis and Pekin, 2008), is used to analyse the different fuel price increases and enables a visualisation of the impact on the market area. The LAMBIT model incorporates the different network layers for each transport mode by setting up a GIS network that includes four different layers: the road network, the rail network, the inland waterways network and the final haulage network. The geographic locations of the intermodal terminals and the port of Antwerp are added as nodes in the network and the Belgian municipality centres are defined and connected to the different network layers. Based on the different fuel price scenarios representing respectively a fuel price increase with 10% (low price case), 50% (business as usual case) and 90% (high price case), the results of the LAMBIT model show that the market areas rise in favour of intermodal barge/road and intermodal rail/road. Depending on the scenario, the degree of modal shift however differs. Additionally, in order to compare policy measures with the effect of a fuel price increase, the internalisation of the external costs is analysed with the LAMBIT model. For some years, the European Commission is supporting the idea that transportation costs should reflect the true impacts on environment and society, and is relentlessly pushing towards the so called ‘internalisation of external costs’ as a policy instrument in order to establish fair and efficient pricing of different transport modes. This requires monetarizing the external effects of transport and adding them to the already internalized costs in order to give the correct price signals. Results of this comparative analysis performed with the LAMBIT model are also presented in this paper. 相似文献
58.
Tom Crandall 《Coastal management》2013,41(4):451-466
Abstract The San Diego Coast Regional Commission, faced with the responsibility of approving, approving with conditions, or denying permits for development proposed along the scenic coastal bluffs of San Diego county, has adopted guidelines for bluff‐top development which assures retention of scenic vistas and provision of public access while permitting private landowners “reasonable use”; of their property. These unique guidelines delineate certain environmental and aesthetic parameters within which bluff‐top development may take place. Portions of the guidelines are presented, and some of the factors leading to their formulation and adoption are discussed. 相似文献
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路面再生性的雾封层能减少和预防沥青路面的老化,从而可以减少路面的开裂和松散,使得路面更好更耐久。雾封层的作用是在原有的沥青路面上罩面,起到保护和再生的作用,同时雾封层也可降低水和空气的渗透性。在某种程度上说,渗透性的降低,可以改善路面的防水性能,并且使得粘结剂氧化引起的老化敏感性减少。 相似文献
60.
Following the growing interest in the characterisation and modelling of activity scheduling and re-scheduling behaviour, this
paper reports the results of a study on the resolution of activity scheduling conflicts. Using empirical data collected through
an Internet survey, the modification of the timing of pre-planned activities to accommodate a new activity in the schedule
was analysed. Schedule adjustment was studied using a parametric hazard model. The results indicate that the characteristics
of the activities involved are the most important factors influencing the process of schedule change. Several correlations
among schedule modifications were found.
Harry Timmermans is a Professor at the Eindhoven University of Technology. He is also Director of the Urban Planning Group and the European
Institute of Retailing and Services Studies.
Tomás Ruiz is a Lecture and researcher at the Technical University of Valencia (Spain). Prior to his employment with the University,
Dr. Ruiz was a consultant at Estudios, Proyectos y Planificación S.A. 相似文献