BUICK轿跑

编辑老师们好：有几个问题想请教一下。非常感谢! 1．大众的发动机的缸体材料大多数都是铁质的。而其它很多厂家的都是铝制的,请问这两种材料对发动机的寿命、燃油效率、输出功率和扭矩、制作成本和后期维护等方面有什么不同。如果是铝的好。那么大众这样做的原因是降低成本吗？     

Coordinating buses and rapid rail in the San Francisco Bay Area: The case of Bay Area Rapid Transit

This paper examines attempts by planners and policy makers to analyze and bring about the coordination of rail and bus transit in the San Francisco Bay Area. Drawing on studies and plans before and after the creation of the rapid rail system BART (Bay Area Rapid Transit), the author points to technical, analytical and political problems in attempts to link BART and buses. Some options and cautions are presented for planners considering route coordination, feeder buses, transfers and institutional arrangements to manage bus and rail services.     

向顾客提供预防性检修服务

用户手册中的内容包括车辆的详情介绍和使用建议,介绍所涉及的是车辆的操作以及各设备的功能,建议则讲述车辆应当如何保养以得到其最佳性能。下面所说的就是这些建议所组成的一套预防性检修(PM)的规程。 通常我们对车辆的保养需求提出建议是按照平均情况下的行驶里程数和时间定的,因此这些建议也会存在问题,即许多车辆的驾驶状况是截然不同的,维修保养的建议也应该有所区别。例如,经常行驶于炎热的沙漠地带中的HondaCivic(本田 市民)在菲尼克斯的保养和在北达科他州迈诺特市的雪堆中穿行的     

A theoretical and empirical model of trip chaining behavior

This paper addresses the theoretical and empirical issues involved in modeling complex travel patterns. Existing models have the shortcoming of not representing the interdependencies among trip links in trip chains with multiple non-home stops. A theoretical model based on utility theory and explicitly accounting for the trade-offs involved in the choice of multiple-stop chains is developed. Using this theoretical model, utility maximizing conditions for a household's choice of a daily travel pattern are derived. The optimum travel pattern is described in terms of the number of chairs (tours) traveled on a given day and in terms of the number of stops (sojourns) made on each of those chains. For a given household, the form of the optimum pattern is a function of the transportation expenditures (time, cost) required to reach potential destinations. Constraints on the conditions of optimality due to the limited and discrete nature of travel pattern alternatives are also considered. Parameters of the general utility function were estimated empirically using actual travel data derived from a home interview survey taken in Washington, D.C. The multinomial logit model is used to relate utility scores for the alternative travel patterns to choice probabilities. The resulting parameter estimates agree with theoretical expectations and with empirical results obtained in other studies. In order to demonstrate the empirical and theoretical implications of the model, forecasts for various transportation policies (e.g., gasoline price increases, transit fare reductions), as made by this model and by other less complex models, are compared. The results of these comparisons indicate the need for expanding the scope of existing travel forecasting models to explicit considerations of trip chaining behavior.     

全轮驱动车辆传动系统的养护

多年的工作经验表明,熟悉全轮驱动车辆(AWD)传动系统的一些技术细节,将十分有助于增强在四轮驱动车辆(4WD)传动系统的保养与维修方面的业务竞争力。 当我们嘟嘟囔囔发着牢骚,一肚子怨气地看着运货卡车停在皮卡车的后面时,当然也会看到了红色的4x4平头驾驶室连同两个车轮悬在半空中。但悬置在     

混合动力车辆的技术特征及其故障诊断与维修

当一辆混合动力车辆被送到你的修理厂请求维修时,你是选择让客户将这辆车送回到经销商那儿去修理,失去赢得一个新客户的机会;还是选择主动努力学习,掌握修理混合动力车辆新的检测维修技术呢?显然,为了服务于客户,也为了拓展自身维修厂的业务,我们应该选择后一种态度。     

故障一点通

福特公司密歇根卡车装配车间1997年至1999年12月9日期间生产的1997—2000年款Expedition和Navigator的拖车牵引挂接装置出现了问题。因此,福特公司向这些车型的车主发出了拖车牵引挂接装置召回通知。     

压力钢带式无级变速器技术降低油耗的潜能分析(二)

参考CVT装在一辆奔驰A190车辆上，在3个测试循环及两种恒速状态下，通过认可的方法对油耗进行测量。表2所示的是采用绝对安全系数Sfabs=1.3的目前策略与新的控制策略之间的减少量。     

Requirements from vehicle routing software: perspectives from literature,developers and the freight industry

Routing and scheduling software is part of the information and technology systems available to support the transport industry, and uses complex algorithms along with geographical representations of the road network to allow better planning of daily collection and delivery schedules. This paper reviews the evolution of routing and scheduling software, the algorithms used along with reported barriers to wider take-up and potential industry-driven improvements that could be made. A survey of transport companies in the U.K. was conducted in order to validate and prioritise the software capabilities that require the most development according to the new challenges that the industry is facing. Responses suggested that companies required improved route optimisation to tackle congestion based on time-dependent data and models, and greater accuracy in the representation of the road network. Not considering congestion leads to the underestimation of travel times and the production of inaccurate schedules. Literature shows that operational research techniques are available to solve problems that represent real-world conditions, but research into the relative merits of using time-dependent models needs to be undertaken. Data might be improved by cooperation between government and private sector.