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51.
TIMOTHY McCOY JIM ZGLICZYNSKI NILES W. JOHANSON FREDERICK A. PUHN THOMAS W. MARTIN 《Naval Engineers Journal》2007,119(2):83-91
The first of the Arleigh Burke class destroyers is nearing its mid-life. This class of ships was designed during the late 1970s through the 1980s to meet the threats that were prevalent at that time. Since entering service in 1991, these ships have shown themselves to be extremely versatile and the class now consists of nearly 60 ships in service. Their combat systems have been continually upgraded and adapted to meet the new threats the United States faces today. However, in order to keep these platforms viable throughout the first half of the 21st century, their operating costs must be reduced. Manpower, maintenance, and fuel are three of the top operating cost drivers. Most surface combatants spend very little of their underway time operating at full speed or even close to that. Over 1/3 of their underway time is spent at 12 knots and under. This is less than half of their maximum speed and only a fraction of the maximum power owing to the cubic speed–power relationship. Although the existing mechanical drive system is reasonably efficient, the main gas turbines are extremely inefficient at these very low power levels. A shaft-mounted auxiliary electric propulsion system (EPS) can take advantage of excess capacity in the ship service generators to reduce the main engine operating hours. Enabling bi-directional power flow from this auxiliary electric drive will provide additional generation capacity for ship service loads at a modest additional cost. It also provides a "cross-connect" capability from one shaft to the other. This paper will explore one prospect for reducing the operating cost of the DDG-51 class of ships by installing an auxiliary EPS that would powered by the ship service electrical plant. This additional system would serve to reduce both underway fuel usage as well as maintenance on the gas turbine main engines by reducing the number of operating hours on each engine. We will examine the technology trade-offs in this ongoing study. 相似文献
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This is the second of two background papers sponsored for the Symposium by the Administrative Commission for the north of the Netherlands. Its purpose is to provide an indication of the effects of the proposed high speed rail line between Amsterdam, Groningen and Hamburg on employment in the corridor. The authors first review the techniques of forecasting these effects discussed in the literature. The potentials approach is adopted for their analysis, the mathematics and underlying assumptions of which are presented. Finally, this model is run to provide an estimate of the impact on regional employment of three variants of the proposed rail line. 相似文献
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我国首次采用的高架车场及综合维修基地一武汉市轨道交通1号线一期工程石乔 口路车场 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
武汉市轨道交通1号线一期工程的硚口路车场及综合维修基地是我国目前城市轨道交通车场设计中首次采用的高架车场。设计人员在建筑、结构、工艺等的设计中克服了没有相适应的设计规范和用地面积狭小等特殊环境产生的困难,提出了较合理的布局、在列车荷载作用下房屋结构的荷载计算办法、减振降噪措施,以及对车场轨道布置采取的对策。 相似文献
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重载和提速是近年来中国铁路的主要发展方向.这种发展形势要求从技术上保证铁路车辆的关键零部件的强度和可靠性.为适应这种要求.一些原采用铸造工艺生产的零件现开始采用锻造工艺生产.如铁路货车用钩尾框、新型组合式制动梁架、上心盘、支撑座。在机车车辆的各种零部件中,车轮、车轴作为机车车辆的关键部件在列车运行中起承载. 相似文献
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本文报道了用已知EHFV seoul株接种9~10d龄鸡胚后鸡胚出现严重局限的出血斑;ELISA试验显示感染鸡胚尿囊液和对照鸡胚尿囊液OD值之比>2.1;免疫荧光试验在感染鸡胚心、脑、肺、肝、肾组织印片细胞浆内可见不同程度荧光颗粒。 相似文献
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高压共轨喷油器精密偶件的泄漏分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
高压共轨电控喷油系统中,随着燃油喷射压力的大幅度提高,燃油的粘度-压力效应、粘度-温度效应凸显。作者分析了高压共轨喷油器精密偶件中的泄漏问题,得出的结论是:考虑了燃油的粘压效应、粘温效应后实际的泄漏量并不十分严重;如果考虑油液的极化效应、进口起始段的效应以及环形槽的影响,实际泄漏量可能还会减小。 相似文献