大断面浅埋偏压隧道CRD法施工工序研究

文章以良村隧道CRD法施工为工程背景,布设了变形监测点及内力测试元件,分析了CRD法施工隧道围岩变形情况及结构内力特征,并对CRD法施工隧道在不同开挖顺序下的开挖过程进行了数值模拟,分析比较了不同开挖顺序时的围岩位移、应力变化情况。结果表明:CRD法对各分部施工工序影响较大,且各分部对拱顶下沉的影响程度从大至小依次为1部、2部、3部和4部;隧道内侧围岩压力大于外侧,钢支撑内力均为压应力,且拱腰位置轴力大于其它部位。比较隧道开挖变形的差异以及结构的受力特点,结合数值分析结果,得出了山体外侧先开挖方案无论在围岩变形还是隧道结构受力方面相比于山体外侧后开挖都较小,安全系数相对较高。因此,合理的施工工序应该是先进行山体外侧开挖并施作初期支护,然后再在山体内侧开挖施工。     

船用柴油机12PA6B超负荷性能试验研究

我国船用柴油机功率标准规定柴油机应能够在超负荷功率(即110%标定功率)下连续运转。超负荷工况各参数变化可以反映柴油机的整体性能,是船用柴油机负荷试验的重要工况点。本文通过陕柴重工生产的12PA6B柴油机的负荷试验,研究证实该机型在超负荷工况下能保持较低的燃油消耗率和烟度排放,以及较高的功率和扭矩输出。     

Developing an integrated scobit-based activity participation and time allocation model to explore influence of childcare on women’s time use behaviour

Focusing on the influence of childcare on women’s time use behaviour, this paper develops an integrated model of activity participation and time allocation, where the former is represented based on a scobit model and the latter based on a multi-linear utility function under the utility-maximizing principle. The integration of the scobit model with the time allocation model is done by applying Lee’s transformation. Especially, the scobit model is adopted to relax the assumption, made in the Logit or Probit model, that individuals having indifferent preferences over participation and non-participation are most sensitive to changes in explanatory variables. Using a large-scale time use data (66,839 persons) collected in Japan, the effectiveness of the proposed integrated model is empirically confirmed. It is revealed that the probabilities of participating in compulsory-contracted activities and discretionary activities with the highest sensitivity to changes in explanatory variables are 65 and 81%, respectively. Variances of social childcare variables explain about half of the total variance of the time use for discretionary activities; however, for compulsory-contracted activities, social childcare variables explain only less than 1% of the total variance of activity participation and less than 10% of total variable of time allocation.     

静态爆破法在深圳地铁施工中的应用

静态爆破是近年来发展起来的一种新型爆破施工技术,它可在无震动、无飞石,无噪音、无污染的条件下破碎或切割岩石或混凝土构筑物。深圳地铁2号线东延线土建工程安托山站—侨香站区间矿山法施工竖井系选用此工法在2 500 mm×3 000 mm雨水箱涵附近成功地进行了中、微风化花岗岩开挖施工,确保了雨水箱涵的安全性。     

Exploring airline passengers’ willingness to pay for carbon offsets

This study examines airline passengers’ willingness to pay for carbon-offsets. Using the contingent valuation method of double-bounded dichotomous choice format and a survey of over 1000 Taiwanese passengers flying to countries in Asia, Europe, North America, and Oceania to gauge their willingness-to-pay for airline carbon-offsets. The results suggest that despite the trip characteristics and personal background, air travel passengers’ knowledge and perceptions of the carbon-offset scheme also greatly influence the stated willingness to pay.     

土质浅埋隧道设计基本问题探讨

隧道工程作为特殊的岩土工程,现有资料缺乏对隧底受力变形的研究。土质浅埋隧道由于承载力较低,受力后变形较大,明确其基底承载力及变形机理具有重要的工程实际意义。本研究借用建筑基础设计方法,对隧道基底承载力和变形问题进行了探讨,提出了土质浅埋隧道基底承载力及基于弹性压缩变形的基底变形计算公式。对隧底承载力计算分析结果表明,一般情况下,隧底不存在承载力不足的情况;同时针对隧底不同时期沉降对隧道工程的影响,可采用不同的控制措施:二次衬砌施作前基底沉降不予处理,二次衬砌基底变形采用预留安全空间处理,工后沉降按路基沉降标准控制。     

高速公路ETC车道防邻道及跟车干扰研究

在ETC车道系统中,相邻两个ETC车道之间的OBU与RSU相互影响,RSU与非本车道上的OBU进行通讯并完成交易,引起邻道干扰;工程实施、设备等原因引起跟车干扰,造成ETC收费失败。针对存在的问题,分析工程安装、设备原因,提出切实可行的解决方案,保证ETC车道功能的正确性、完整性,是交通运输行业节能减排绿色发展成果之一。     

液压升降装置机液伺服系统响应特性分析

本文针对大惯量、大功率特性的液压升降装置起动时,存在快速响应和稳定性较难兼顾的突出问题,分析了阀控柱塞缸特性及机液伺服系统原理,建立了机液伺服系统的控制数学模型,运用经典控制理论分析方法,得出系统开环、闭环传递函数,并在时域内开展了阶跃信号输入下的系统响应特性分析,明确了影响系统性能的参数设计原则,为实际工程设计提供理论依据。     

Analyzing urban bus service reliability at the stop, route, and network levels

Improving the reliability of bus service has the potential to increase the attractiveness of public transit to current and prospective riders. An understanding of service reliability is necessary to develop strategies that help transit agencies provide better services. However, few studies have been conducted analyzing bus reliability in the metropolis of China. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of service reliability based on bus operational characteristics in Beijing. Three performance parameters, punctuality index based on routes (PIR), deviation index based on stops (DIS), and evenness index based on stops (EIS), are proposed for the evaluation of bus service reliability. Reliability involves routes, stops, punctuality, deviation, and evenness. The relationship among the three parameters is discussed using a numerical example. Subsequently, through a sampling survey of bus lines in Beijing, service reliability at the stop, route, and network levels are estimated. The effects of route length, headway, the distance from the stop to the origin terminal, and the use of exclusive bus lanes are also analyzed. The results indicate low service reliability for buses in Beijing and a high correlation between service reliability and route length, headway, distance from the stop to the origin terminal, and the provision of exclusive bus lanes.     

圆形盾构隧道衬砌管片的计算分析

盾构法以其安全、快速等优点在我国地铁隧道施工中得到了越来越广泛的应用,但其施工成本相对较高,其中管片造价占盾构隧道总施工费的30%以上.因此,合理地进行盾构隧道管片设计对于控制工程造价具有举足轻重的作用.文章结合工程实例,从荷载、土层参数等方面,采用当前地铁盾构隧道衬砌管片设计计算普遍采用的(修正)惯用法,对管片受力进行了分析研究,得出了一些有助于管片结构设计的结论.