Innovative strategies for urban car-sharing systems and a simulator to assess their performance

In this paper, three innovative car-sharing systems for urban areas are proposed, based on fleets of individual intelligent vehicles with three service characteristics: instant access, open-ended reservations and one-way trips. These features provide high flexibility but create an uneven distribution of vehicles among stations. Therefore, relocation of vehicles must be performed. Three different system procedures are proposed: in the first system, relocations are performed by users; in the other two, vehicles relocate automatically, thanks to their automation. In the first two systems, vehicles are accessible only at stations, whereas in the third they are also accessible along roads. In order to provide transport managers with a tool to test systems in different realities, an object-oriented simulator is developed. The simulation provides outputs of system performance, in terms of user waiting times and system efficiency. The proposed systems are simulated for the city of Genoa, in Italy, and a comparative analysis is presented.     

The use of gait parameters to evaluate pedestrian behavior at scramble phase signalized intersections

Pedestrian scramble phasing is usually implemented to reduce pedestrian‐vehicle conflicts and therefore increase the safety of the intersection. However, to adequately determine the benefits of scramble phasing, it is necessary to understand how pedestrians react to such an unconventional design. This study investigates changes in pedestrian crossing behavior following the implementation of a scramble phase by examining the spatiotemporal gait parameters (step length and step frequency). This detailed microscopic‐level analysis provides insight into changes in pedestrian walking mechanisms as well as the effect of various pedestrian and intersection characteristics. The study uses video data collected at a scramble phase signalized intersection in Oakland, California. Gait parameters were found to be influenced by pedestrian gender, age, group size, crosswalk length, and pedestrian signal indications. Both average step length and walking speed were significantly higher for diagonally crossing pedestrians compared with pedestrians crossing on the conventional crosswalks. Pedestrians were found to have the tendency to increase their step length more than their step frequency to increase walking speed. It was also found that, compared with men, women generally increase their walking speed by increasing their step frequency more than step length. However, when in non‐compliance with signal indications, women increase their walking speed by increasing their step length more than step frequency. It was also found that older pedestrians do not significantly change their walking behavior when in non‐compliance with signal indications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modeling the interactions between car and bicycle in heterogeneous traffic

In this paper, a new cellular automata model is proposed to simulate the car and bicycle heterogeneous traffic on urban road. To capture the complex interactions between these two types of vehicles, a novel occupancy rule is adopted in the proposed model to consider the variable lateral distances of mixed vehicular traffic. Based on massive simulations, microscopic fundamental diagrams under different bicycle densities are devised. With these, the bicycle's spilling behavior is then investigated and discussed. In order to reflect the interference of a bicycle on a car, the interference transformation from friction state to block state is modeled explicitly. Finally, different simulation results under different occupancy rules indicate that the constant and fixed occupancy rule adopted in the previous studies might lead to overestimation of car flux in the heterogeneous traffic flows with different bicycle densities. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A comparison of modelled and real-life driving profiles for the simulation of railway vehicle operation

A key factor in determining the performance of a railway system is the speed profile of the trains within the network. There can be significant variation in this speed profile for identical trains on identical routes, depending on how the train is driven. A better understanding and control of speed profiles can therefore offer significant potential for improvements in the performance of railway systems. This paper develops a model to allow the variability of real-life driving profiles of railway vehicles to be quantitatively described and predicted, in order to better account for the effects on the speed profile of the train and hence the performance of the railway network as a whole. The model is validated against data from the Tyne and Wear Metro, and replicates the measured data to a good degree of accuracy.     

公路隧道双洞互补式通风适用性分析

为研究公路隧道双洞互补式通风的适用性,文章基于隧址海拔和温度、隧道长度和纵坡、隧道交通量和交通组成、隧道双洞间距等因素对互补式通风负荷比及通风效果的影响进行计算分析。研究结果表明:当隧道上下行通风负荷比大于1.5或隧道单向纵坡绝对值在1.5%~2.0%之间时,适宜采用互补式通风;隧道长度在4.5~6 km之间时,采用双洞互补式通风最经济实用;交通量和交通组成的影响关系显示隧道大型车混入率在35%~50%之间时宜考虑采用互补式通风;双洞隧道适合采用互补式通风的最小间距为30 m。     

Modelling and Analysis of Turning Motion of a Subsurface Mapping AUV with Split-Hull Design

There is much need for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for inspection and mapping purposes. Most conventional AUVs use torpedo-shaped single-rigid hull, b...     

基于UG二次开发的DTS名义值测量

文章主要介绍基于UG二次开发的DTS名义值测量,本系统基于西门子的先进CAD设计平台NX之上开发的系统。以NX11和Visual Studio 2010作为运行和开发平台的,C、C++为开发语言,使用Block UI Styler为界面设计工具,NXOpen则提供了开发所需的应用程序包(API)。系统可以通过获取整车FVML(Finish Vehicle Measurement Location)文件包含的信息,通过用户选择文档中对应的零件特征,实现自动测量数模名义值及对应截面,并与FVML定义的数值进行对比。     

纯电动物流车用PMSM降开关损耗控制

物流车是城市内部运送货物的重要交通工具,具有运行距离短、启停频率高、运行时间长的特点。城市内部物流车都逐步采用纯电动物流车代替传统的燃油车。针对物流车运行特点,文章对电动物流车电机控制算法进行优化,在考虑不同工况下使用不同的开关频率,降低开关损耗,减少控制器发热。通过对降低开关损耗控制方法与传统控制方法在不同车辆运行工况下对比,电机控制器发热均有所降低,同时电机控制器效率有所增加。     

浅谈新双积分法规下乘用车降油耗方案研究

乘用车燃油经济性是评价车辆性能的重要指标,通常以在一定循环行驶试验工况下,行驶100km所消耗燃油升数(单位为L/100km)作为评价指标。影响乘用车燃油经济性的因素很多,文章以公司某在研SUV为例,通过仿真及转鼓油耗测试手段,在保证车辆驾驶体验体验前提下,研究如何降低整车燃油经济性。     

自动拧紧技术浅析

螺栓的拧紧工艺在机械制造业中非常常见,其应用极其广泛,操作规范性和使用可靠性是其最大的优势。在制造业中,各种零部件的连接组装,都离不开螺栓拧紧。先进的制造工艺需要自动的拧紧工具,随着工业自动化水平的不断提高,拧紧技术不断向标准化,智能化,互联化方面发展,利用控制技术对工业装配过程进行管理和指导。文章以整车装配过程中关键拧紧工位拧紧作业的操作流程及工艺水平为业务支撑,分析拧紧过程工件受力情况,根据拧紧工艺要求,介绍一种自动拧紧控制流程。