单舰舰空导弹对空防御问题研究

舰空导弹武器系统是防御反舰导弹的有效兵器之一,舰空导弹的战术技术性能决定了舰空导弹拦截反舰导弹的能力。舰空导弹的反导能力主要取决于舰空导弹的单发命中概率、目标的性质及对不同来袭方向反舰导弹的抗击次数,舰空导弹武器系统性能的优劣直接关系和影响舰艇的生存能力。     

边界控制方法在DVR样机研制中的应用

动态电压恢复器（DVR）可在供电电压发生电压下陷时维持负载电压稳定,以保护敏感负载。由于在正常电力系统中,电压下陷故障出现的频率相对不高,使得DVR的利用率较低。将一种基于二阶开关平面理论的边界控制器应用于DVR系统,使其既可用于电压下陷补偿又能用于稳态下电压电能质量控制,大大提高了设备利用率。通过预测DVR逆变器的某次开关动作后,其系统状态矢量的运动轨迹可得到上述二阶开关平面。将该平面作为状态轨迹沿理想开关平面运动的上界,可约束轨迹使其趋向理想工作点。为考察其动态特性,应用上述控制器的DVR样机针对源端谐波畸变和伴有畸变的下陷电压波形进行了补偿试验。结果证实上述边界控制方案可获得优于其它一些控制策略的谐波补偿效果。     

某雷达信号处理机的设计

信号处理是雷达系统的重要组成部分,其作用是从回波信号中提取有用信号。文章介绍了某搜索雷达信号处理机的结构及功能实现。     

光纤Bragg光栅应变灵敏度的分析

在光纤Bragg光栅传感原理的基础上,从理论上着重研究了由弹光效应引起的轴向应变灵敏度和径向应变灵敏度,并分别进行了轴向应变与径向应变灵敏度和轴向应力与径向应力灵敏度的仿真,仿真结果与理论分析相符。另外,对于动态轴向应变的情况,也给出了波长漂移随时间变化的仿真结果。     

钙钛矿型La（0.3）Ca（0.7）FeO3的制备及其电化学性能

采用甘氨酸-硝酸盐燃烧法制备了钙钛矿型复合氧化物La0.3Ca0.7FeO3,并用X-射线衍射分析,扫描电镜,X-射线能谱仪对纳米晶体的晶型、晶粒大小、形貌及组成进行表征.用乙炔黑为载体制备功能氧电极,采用三电极体系,测试循环伏安曲线.结果表明：800℃焙烧2 h得到完整的晶体,晶体粒子大小均匀,粒径为17.9 nm,为菱形晶系;同时该氧电极具有明显的电催化特性.     

集装箱吊具开闭锁机构的系统分析

介绍了集装箱码头岸桥吊具开闭锁机构电气、液压、机械三大系统的工作原理以及它们相互之前的关系,通过吊具开闭锁机构日常的故障深入地分析了这三大系统重要特点,并介绍了该机构一些隐性故障的预防以及解决方法。     

软件项目如何进行成本估算

软件项目的成本估算一直是软件项目管理研究的一大难题,本文以“派瑞职工体检管理系统”项目为例,着重介绍WBS基础上的一种成本估算技术,为软件企业建立起一个基于估算的知识库系统,从而提高成本估算的能力。     

Impact of macrozoobenthic structures on near-bed sediment fluxes

Sandy sediments in shallow coastal waters of the Baltic Sea are often characterised by large numbers of biogenic structures which are produced by macrozoobenthos species. A series of experiments was devised to quantify how the interaction of such structures with the near-bed flow regime affects the sediment flux. Most experiments were done with simplified replicates of structures generated by typical species commonly found in the Mecklenburg Bight, starting with solitary structures and regularly-spaced arrays in a range of characteristic population densities, followed by a complex benthic macrofauna community, both artificial and alive. A laboratory flume channel, equipped with an acoustic Doppler flow sensor and a topography scanning laser, was used for high-resolution measurements (2 mm horizontal step size and 0.3 mm vertical resolution) of sand erosion (220 µm median grain size, at 20 cm s^− 1) and fine particle deposition (8 µm grain size, at 5 cm s^− 1). Sediment transport threshold values were measured for each layout. As a rule-of-thumb, both the erosion fluxes and the deposition of suspended matter increased considerably at low population densities (below 2%, expressed as percent of the sediment surface covered, i.e. roughness density RD). Above densities of 4%, erosion almost stopped inside the test arrays, and deposition remained well below the level of unpopulated areas. An attempt to extrapolate these findings to field conditions (using field current velocity data from 2001) showed that the net flux switched from erosion to deposition for densities above 5%. These parameters can now be integrated into a numerical sediment transport model coupling waves, currents, sediment dynamics and biological processes, which is currently under construction at the Baltic Sea Research Institute (IOW), Rostock, Germany.     

The importance of oceanographic fronts to marine birds and mammals of the southern oceans

During the last 30 years, at-sea studies of seabirds and marine mammals in the oceans south of the Subtropical Front have described an association with major frontal areas. More recently, the advancement in microtechnology has allowed the tracking of individuals and investigations into how these marine predators actually use the frontal zones. In this review, we examine 1) the relative importance to apex predators of the different frontal zones in terms of spatial distribution and carbon flux; 2) the processes that determine their preferential use; and 3) how the mesoscale dynamics of frontal structures drive at-sea foraging strategies of these predators. We review published results from southern waters and place them in a broader context with respect to what has been learned about the importance of fronts in oceans farther north.Some fronts constitute important boundaries for seabird communities in southern waters. At a mesoscale the maximum values of seabird diversity and abundance correspond to the location of the main fronts. At-sea surveys show a strong curvilinear correlation between seabird abundance and sea surface temperatures. High mean species richness and diversity for whales and seabirds are consistently associated with the southern water mass boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the Subtropical Front and the Subantarctic Front; in the case of the Polar Front mean seabird densities are more variable. At small-scales, variation in seabird occurrence has been directly related to the processes at fronts in a limited number of cases. A significant positive relation was found between some plankton feeding species and frontal temperature gradient–phytoplankton variables.Telemetric studies have revealed that several apex predators (penguins, albatrosses, seals) perform long, directed foraging trips either to the Subtropical front or Polar Front, depending on locality. Seabirds with low flight costs, such as albatrosses, are able to reach fronts at long distances from colonies, showing variable foraging strategies as a function of the distances involved. Diving birds such as King penguins, that travel at a higher cost and lower speed, rely on the predictable spatial distribution of mesopelagic fish found close to the Polar Front. They may use the currents associated with eddies as oceanographic cues in the active search for frontal zones. Once in these areas they dive preferentially in and below the depth of the thermocline where catches per unit effort are high. Elephant seals concentrate foraging activity principally inside or at the boundary of cyclonic eddies. These mesoscale features appear to offer exceptional productivity favourable for foraging by various diving top predators.The connection between biophysical parameters at fronts and predators is likely to be made through biological enhancement. Top predators appear to forage at locations where prey are advected by physical processes and others where prey are produced locally. Long-term research on at-sea distributions and demographic parameters of top predators are essential to assess the consequences of potential shift in front distributions in relation to global warming. Such environmental changes would add to the impact of fish extraction by the industrial fisheries on the southern food webs.     

Egg production and associated losses of carbon, nitrogen and fatty acids from maternal biomass in Calanus finmarchicus before the spring bloom

We present concurrent data on ingestion, egg production and the loss of maternal biomass in pre-spring bloom female Calanus finmarchicus incubated under conditions representative of those in situ in the North Atlantic. A balanced metabolic budget was constructed and used to examine the relative importance of ingestion and biomass for fuelling egg production during the incubations. Ingested carbon was not sufficient to meet the observed demands for egg production. More than 80% of the carbon utilised by the females was instead derived from their biomass. Fatty acid analysis demonstrated that the storage reserves, 20:1 (n−9) and 22:1 (n−11), were virtually absent before experimentation began, and therefore could not have been used to supply the carbon required for egg production during the incubations. The C:N mass-specific ratio of the biomass utilised was 4.1, suggesting that the females had instead catabolised protein in order to meet their metabolic demands. These results suggest that C. finmarchicus adopts a sacrificial reproductive strategy when food availability is low.