汽车LPG燃料燃烧特性

为了对LPG发动机燃烧系统的设计、开发提供理论支持，研究测试了不同转速、负荷下LPG燃烧的示功图，计算分析了LPG燃烧过程中压力、压力升高率、累计放热量、放热速率等影响燃烧的主要参数，并与汽油相应工况下的燃烧特性进行了对比分析。结果表明，LPG在燃烧性能上与汽油存在较大差异，LPG燃烧速度慢，燃烧持续时间长，而且在小负荷区域LPG的燃烧完全程度较差，随着负荷的增加燃烧情况改善。     

货物合理配装的实用启发式算法

提出了货物配装中的一种实用启发式算法，详细地描述了该算法的相关术语、定义和步骤，进行了实例验算，并时算法提出了改进。结论表明实用启发式算法具有较为满意的效用性，改进的实用启发式算法具有很好的效用性。该算法有助于提高装载单元的载重能力和货物配装水平。     

退耕还林政策及可持续性的经济学分析

依据产权理论，本文提出了资产价值特征概念，以分析树木的资产价值特征为基础，分析了政府和个体面对退耕还林的理性选择，阐述了退耕还林制度出台的内在逻辑及实质。在此基础之上本文还通过分析双方的行为，对退耕还林的可持续性进行了思考，并提出了相应的政策建议。     

Catalytic Combustion of Lean Methane Assisted by Electric Field over Pd/Co<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> Catalysts at Low Temperature

A series of Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts were prepared by Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS) method in this study, and electric field was applied for catalytic combustion of lean methane over Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts at low temperature. When electric field was applied, the catalytic combustion performance of Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts was greatly improved, and the application of electric field could reduce the load of active element Pd to some extent while maintaining the same efficiency. Based on experimental tests and the analysis results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H₂-temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) and in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in-situ DRIFTS), the mechanism of catalytic oxidation of CH₄ over Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts in electric field was proposed. The catalytic combustion of CH₄ occurs only when the temperature is higher than 250 °C normally, but when electric field was applied, the whole process of CH₄ oxidation was promoted significantly and the reaction temperature was reduced. Electric field could promote the reduction of the support Co₃O₄ to release the lattice oxygen, resulting in the increase of PdO_x and the surface chemisorbed oxygen, which could provide more active sites for the low-temperature oxidation of CH₄. Furthermore, electric field could accelerate the dehydroxylation of CoOOH to further enhance the activity of the catalysts.     

γ-氨基丁酸在发育期大鼠视皮层长时程增强中的作用

目的　探讨γ 氨基丁酸 (GABA)在发育期大鼠视皮层诱导长时程增强 (LTP)中的作用。方法　应用视皮层脑片电生理技术 ,在大鼠视皮层脑片Ⅳ层刺激而在Ⅱ /Ⅲ层记录场电位 ,在第 2、3、5周龄的大鼠脑片中诱导LTP ,并比较发育过程中LTP的发生率以及GABA在诱导LTP中的作用。结果　在第 5周龄的大鼠脑片中诱导的LTP发生率明显低于第 2及第 3周龄的大鼠。GABAA受体拮抗剂Picrotoxin能够提高第 5周龄的大鼠LTP的发生率 ,但对于第 2及第 3周龄LTP无作用。结论　GABA对于视皮层发育关键期之前LTP的诱导并无易化作用 ;但对于发育关键期后的LTP有抑制作用     

Simulation of temperature distribution in hot filament chemical vapor deposition diamond films growth on SiC seals

In this study, the temperature and gas velocity distributions in hot filament chemical vapor deposition(HFCVD) diamond film growth on the end surfaces of seals are simulated by the finite volume method. The influence of filament diameter, filament separation and rotational speed of the substrates is considered. Firstly,the simulation model is established by simplifying operating conditions to simulate the temperature and gas velocity distributions. Thereafter, the deposition parameters are optimized as 0.6 mm filament diameter, 18 mm filament separation and 5 r/min rotational speed to get the uniform temperature distribution. Under the influence of the rotational speed, the difference between temperature gradients along the directions perpendicular to the filament and parallel to the filament becomes narrow, it is consistent with the actual condition, and the maximum temperature difference on the substrates decreases to 7.4?C. Furthermore, the effect of the rotational speed on the gas velocity distribution is studied. Finally, diamond films are deposited on the end surfaces of Si C seals with the optimized deposition parameters. The characterizations by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and Raman spectroscopy exhibit a layer of homogeneous diamond films with fine-faceted crystals and uniform thickness. The results validate the simulation model.     

公路工程概预算中材料单价的计算

从实际出发,详解了公路工程概预算编制过程中材料单价的组成及计算方法,并在关键部分,提出了注意要点供有关工程设计人员参考。     

城乡公交一体化模式选择分析

通过对城乡公交一体化现有的运作模式进行分类,分析各种模式的优缺点,运用层次分析法构建模式选择的指标体系,得到相应的选择模型,可为城乡公交一体化的规划与实施提供依据和方法.     

基于小波变换的高速公路意外事件检测

试验表明,基于一维连续小波变换、一维离散小波变换和二维离散小波变换建立的高速公路意外事件检测模型原型具有优良的检测性能,检测在Califonia8#基础上提高了195%,同时检测时间缩短为原来的3.4%.     

工厂高压供电线路的继电保护

介绍了在工厂高压供电线路中继电保护装置的作用;提出对保护装置的基本要求,对常用的继电保护方式的原理、特点和使用进行探讨.