Biologically induced modification of seawater viscosity in the Eastern English Channel during a Phaeocystis globosa spring bloom

To identify the potential relationship between Pheaocystis globosa bloom conditions and seawater properties, a hydrobiological survey was performed in the inshore waters of the Eastern English Channel over the course of the phytoplankton spring bloom. Chlorophyll concentration, auto- and hetero/mixotrophic composition of protists and standing stock, and seawater viscosity were measured weekly from March to June 2004. The decline of the bloom is characterized by a massive foam formation in the turbulent surf zone. Before foam formation, seawater viscosity significantly increased, showing a significant positive correlation with chlorophyll concentration. In contrast, after foam formation this correlation was negative, seawater viscosity kept increasing despite a sharp decrease in chlorophyll concentrations. No significant correlation has been found between seawater viscosity and the composition of the phytoplankton assemblages observed during the survey. However, significant positive correlations have been found between seawater viscosity and both the size and the abundance of P. globosa colonies. From the correlation patterns observed between chlorophyll concentration and seawater viscosity, we suggest that the rheological properties of seawater are mainly driven by extracellular materials associated with colony formation and maintenance rather than by cell composition and standing stock.     

Driver steering and muscle activity during a lane-change manoeuvre

The article reports an experimental study of driver steering control behaviour in a lane-change manoeuvre. Eight test subjects were instrumented with electromyography to measure muscle activation and co-contraction. Each subject completed 30 lane-change manoeuvres with one vehicle on a fixed-base driving simulator. For each driver, the steering torque feedback characteristic was changed after every ten manoeuvres; the response of the vehicle to steering angle inputs was not changed. Drivers' control strategies were found to be robust to changes in steering torque feedback. Path-following errors, muscle activity and muscle co-contraction all reduce with the number of lane-changes performed by the driver, suggesting the existence of a learning process. Comparing the test subjects, there was some evidence that high levels of co-contraction were used to allow high-frequency steering inputs to be generated. The results contribute to the understanding of vehicle-driver (and more generally, human-machine) dynamic interaction.     

基于WITNESS的集装箱码头闸口仿真分析

结合集装箱码头物流系统的特点,本文提出采用面向对象的方法对集装箱码头闸口系统进行建模、仿真分析的思路。在简要回顾了国内有关外集装箱码头闸口系统的研究动态的基础上,介绍了当前国际上流行的仿真软件WITNESS的主要特点和功能,分析了其在集装箱码头闸口系统仿真的应用。之后,根据日照港闸口的仿真目的对闸口系统做了一定程度的简化,利用WITNESS仿真软件完成了闸口系统的仿真运行。同时,基于实际仿真运行过程和仿真模型测算吞吐量为150万TEU时的合理通道数,并预测此工况下的极限吞吐量,从而为闸口系统的规划设计提供理论依据。最后分析了本文局限性和进一步的研究方向。     

大风浪中船舶安全航行探讨

大风浪严重影响船舶的正常航行,给船舶的安全运输生产带来了诸多的困难,可能造成货损、船损,甚至发生海难事故,威胁人的生命安全。但因其有自身的客观规律性,而且我们具备较强的专业知识及能力,事先做好完整的、有效的、具体的安全保障措施,正确处置大风浪带来的各种突发情况,即可达到安全航行的目的。本文通过相关内容的分析,对大风浪中船舶的航行安全做了一些探讨。     

Evasive manoeuvres with a steering robot

In the pursuit of an objective rating on vehicle stability performance, it is always desirable to reduce disturbances and inconsistencies during experimental evaluations, especially the ones introduced by human drivers. This paper presents the development of a steering robot designed for closed-loop steering tasks during evasive manoeuvres. It describes the controller structure and discusses experimental results, in addition to simulation/vehicle model verifications and theoretical control analysis.     

折弯机平衡杆同步机构研究

本文通过对折弯机平衡杆同步机构的受力分析,得出了平衡杆的最佳运动角;为平衡杆同步机构尺度的确定和合理布局提供了设计依据,并在我厂生产的折弯机上得到应用,取得了满意效果。     

铁路路基道碴囊及路基空洞注浆加固治理

对既有铁路软弱桥头、路基碴囊及路基空洞采用注浆加固,可使路基承载力显著提高,且施工不要点、不封闭、不缓行,提高了铁路的综合效益。注浆加固是整治类似病害而不影响运营的一种较好方法。     

城市轨道交通运营安全及故障浅析

通过对近年来城市轨道交通运营安全及故障的分析,笔者对影响轨道交通安全运营的各种因素进行了探讨,针对这些因素提出了一些预防和处置措施,并提出“预防为主、全面整治、提前控制、及时救援”的工作思路,对于改善城市轨道交通运营的安全现状,预防事故和降低事故损失都具有一定的意义。     

基于.NET框架的数据库应用模式解决方案

介绍数据库应用模式的发展过程，并以MICROSOFT公司的VISUAL BASIC．NET开发环境为背景，讨论了基于ADO．NET技术的多层数据库应用模式的原理和相关技术。     

铁路运输营销的预算管理

运输营销预算管理是以运输企业的经营目标为中心,将运输组织活动纳入预算管理,统筹安排企业的运输营销预算计划,从而实现运输效益的最大化。成都铁路局通过确定市场需求,以跟踪分析和适时调控为手段,科学安排和实施年度运输营销预算方案。运输营销预算管理的实施,整合了生产力资源,提高了企业经营管理水平,超额完成了运输利润目标,并保证了运输生产安全。