Assessing the technical efficiency, service effectiveness, and technical effectiveness of the world’s railways through NDEA analysis

This paper presents an approach to include both the unstorable feature of transportation service and the technological differences within railway companies in efficiency and effectiveness measurements. We explore efficiency and effectiveness for a group of 40 global railways in the year 2002, using traditional data development analysis (TDEA) and network data development analysis (NDEA). Comparing the results obtained from the NDEA model with those from the TDEA indicate that performance measures are quite different in terms of the magnitude, and even using different DEA type models to evaluate railway system performance does not distort the ranking of their performance. We also analyze the inter-related effects among three performance measures, finding that transportation service characteristics have positive effects on the evaluation of performance. Generally speaking, the NDEA model provides deeper insight regarding the sources of inefficiency and process-specific guidance to railway managers so as to help them improve their railway’s performance.     

盾构隧道预应力管片的两维有限元数值模拟与分析

针对预应力混凝土管片这一新型的盾构隧道衬砌结构进行了模型试验研究,介绍了利用有限元方法进行模拟计算的过程,采用不同的接头力学模型对其整环试验进行了两维模拟,在与试验结果分析比较的基础上,得出合适的模型参数,为预应力管片用于设计和施工奠定了基础。     

混凝土结构耐久性影响及解决措施

提高混凝土自身的耐久性能,有效地阻止腐蚀性介质的渗入,是解决混凝土结构耐久性的前提和基础。混凝土的耐久性主要取决于混凝土的材料组成,其中水灰比、水泥质量、强度等级均对耐久性有较大影响影响。因此,采取合理的结构设计和配筋,选用合格的原材料,设计最佳的保护层厚度及有效地控制混凝土结构开裂的措施,都将有效地提高混凝土结构的耐久性。     

应用流式细胞术检测17β-雌二醇对H2O2诱导的视网膜神经细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的用流式细胞技术(FACS)检测H2O2诱导的视网膜神经细胞凋亡以及17β-雌二醇(βE2)对细胞的保护作用。方法取新生24 h内的SD大鼠进行视网膜神经细胞的原代培养,待细胞培养4-5 d,经不同因素处理后,用MTT法检测细胞存活率,用FACS法检测细胞凋亡率。结果200μmol/L的H2O2能有效诱导视网膜神经细胞凋亡;低浓度的H2O2不能诱导细胞凋亡,但高浓度的H2O2诱导细胞凋亡的同时也导致了正常细胞比率的锐减;10μmol/L的βE2能有效对抗H2O2诱导的视网膜神经细胞凋亡;低浓度的βE2对细胞未表现出保护作用,高浓度的βE2对细胞反而表现出毒性作用。结论一定浓度的βE2在一定范围内能对抗H2O2诱导的视网膜神经细胞凋亡,表现对神经细胞保护的作用。     

补偿收缩混凝土配制的试验研究

重庆江津观音岩长江大桥现浇桥面湿接缝采用补偿收缩混凝土。针对不同类型、不同掺量的膨胀剂进行强度和限制膨胀率的正交试验,从而选择出适用于该桥的膨胀剂类型、掺量以及膨胀混凝土的配合比。     

初中课堂教学评价的初步探索与反思

本文尝试对初中课堂教学评价作一点有益的探索.论文共分三部分第一部分概述课堂教学评价研究包括对教育评价的概念、理论依据和研究方法及原则进行阐述,第二部分进行对目前初中课堂教学评价存在的问题及原因分析,第三部分对初中课堂教学提出评价策略及具体实施.     

基于UG NX4.0的塑料模具设计

介绍了利用UGNX4．0软件进行注塑模具设计的方法。通过具体实例,阐述了如何利用UGNX4．0软件的参数化实体建模技术实现模具型腔、型芯的设计,模具装配、干涉分析、生成二雏图形。研究结果表明UGNX4．0软件对注塑模具的设计具有一定的参考价值。     

沥青路面设计中增加抗车辙设计指标的探讨

分析我国现行沥青路面设计指标,指出弯沉指标不能有效的控制路面车辙,在吸收国外沥青路面设计指标的基础上,增加路基顶面压应变指标作为沥青路面抗车辙设计指标;在参考城市道路设计规范,分析路面剪应力分布的基础上,提出面层材料剪应力也可作为沥青路面抗车辙设计指标。     

A robust non-Hertzian contact method for wheel–rail normal contact analysis

A modified Kik–Piotrowski (MKP) model is proposed in this paper for an accurate and robust calculation of wheel–rail normal contact problem. The presented method is able to consider the relationship between the elastic deformation of a line and the normal pressure distribution within the contact patch. A novel shape correction method is put forward to correctly describe the elastic deformation of the contact patch. Taking the results estimated by Kalker’s variational method and Kik–Piotrowski method as references, the proposed method is validated by three contact cases, including the assumed standardised non-Hertzian contact and the two-point contact, as well as the contact behaviours based on three actual wheel–rail profiles. The simulation results indicate that, compared with Kik–Piotrowski method, the proposed MKP method achieves better agreement with Kalker’s variational method. Moreover, the MKP method can avoid the abrupt change of wheel–rail normal force due to the sudden transfer of the contact point, which contributes to a better computational stability.     

插电式混合动力汽车高电压部件设计及布置

根据整车设计要求,建立插电式双电机MG1/MG2+行星轮系混合动力汽车高电压系统方案模型。通过理论计算及工程分析确定高压电池组、高电压线缆、双电机MG1/MG2、变频器(转换器/逆变器)、空调压缩机等高电压部件的结构及关键参数。针对高电压部件布置的安全及可靠性提出建议。