Spatial fisheries ecology: Recent progress and future prospects

We review recent progresses made in the study of fish distribution and survival over space — i.e., fisheries spatial ecology. This is achieved by first surveying the most common statistical approaches and relative challenges associated with the analysis of fisheries spatial data, loosely grouped in geostatistical and regression approaches. Then we review a selected number of case-studies implementing the discussed techniques. We conclude by proposing new areas of statistical and ecological research to further our understanding of how fish distribute and survive in space. This review serves a dual purpose by emphasizing the scientific importance of studying spatial interactions to better understand the temporal dynamics of fish abundance, and by promoting the development of new analytical and ecological approaches for the analysis of spatial data. Through our survey we cover different statistical techniques, marine ecosystems and life stages. This analytical, geographic and ontogenetic variety is also purposely selected to highlight the importance of comparative and multidisciplinary studies across diverging ecological disciplines, ecosystems and life stages. Besides having a general ecological relevance this review also bears a more applied significance, owing to the increasing need for protecting renewable marine resources along with their primary habitat.     

浅谈如何对公路试验进行监理

试验检测是进行公路工程质量检测的一种有效手段,公路工程试验检测工作也是工程质量管理中的一个重要组成部分,同时也是公路工程质量控制评定验收的一个主要环节,如何加强试验检测力度,是提高公路工程质量的重要问题.     

朔黄铁路桥上无缝线路监测系统设计研究

朔黄重载铁路部分大桥取消了双向钢轨伸缩调节器,改为铺设无缝线路,需要对无缝线路的轨道状态进行实时监测以保证行车安全,为此研发了无缝线路轨道状态监测系统.该系统具有数据采集、远程设备维护、测试结果传输、异常值报警等功能,能适应不同线路条件和电气化区段,可对轨温、环境温度、钢轨温度力、轨枕位移、轮轨力等参数实时在线监测.通...     

集装箱码头散货作业改造研究

受国际金融危机影响,2009年前11个月,中国沿海主要港口集装箱吞吐量同比下降6．1％,集装箱码头过剩的问题日益突出,很多新建的集装箱码头,投产之日就面临着无箱可做的尴尬局面。与此同时,散货码头却有大量的船舶积港,2009年前11个月,全国沿海港口货物吞吐量同比增加7％。基于此背景,很多港口开始研究集装箱码头散货作业的问题,而大型集装箱装卸设备整体改造目前只有青岛港在试用。     

Investigating effects of asphalt pavement conditions on traffic accidents in Tennessee based on the pavement management system (PMS)

Pavement maintenance is essential for ensuring good riding quality and avoiding traffic congestion, air pollution, and accidents. Improving road safety is one of the most important objectives for pavement management systems. This study utilized the Tennessee Pavement Management System (PMS) and Accident History Database (AHD) to investigate the relationship between accident frequency and pavement distress variables. Focusing on four urban interstates with asphalt pavements, divided median types, and 55 mph speed limits, 21 Negative Binomial Regression models were developed for predicting various types of traffic accident frequencies based on different pavement condition variables, including rut depth (RD), International Roughness Index (IRI), and Present Serviceability Index (PSI). The modeling results indicated that the RD models did not perform well, except for predicting accidents at night and accidents under rain weather conditions; whereas, IRI and PSI were always significant prediction variables in all types of accident models. Comparing the models goodness‐of‐fit results, it was found that the PSI models had a better performance in crash frequency prediction than the RD models and IRI models. This study suggests that the PSI accident prediction models should be considered as a comprehensive approach to integrate the highway safety factors into the pavement management system. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

城市主干路路段车速分布特性研究

车速是描述车辆运行状态的基本参数,而掌握城市主干路路段车速分布特性更是许多后续研究的基础。本文以南京市部分主干路调查得到的数据为基础,运用统计学方法,对城市主干路路段车速分布特性进行了研究。首先,通过对车速的分布形式进行拟合,定性分析了不同类型主干路的分布形式;然后,从路段整体、横向两个角度对车速分布的集中趋势和离散程度进行了分析。结果表明,城市主干路路段车速分布的形式主要与车辆行驶时的自由度有关,道路条件以及交通流状态对车速分布的参数值有着不同程度的影响。研究成果将对城市主干路的规划、设计、控制、管理以及评价提供科学依据和数据支持。     

公私合营模式在交通基础设施项目中关键性成功因素分析

公私合营（public-private partnership,PPP）模式作为近年来逐步兴起的开放式融资模式,能够更加迅速地满足项目融资需求,对促进基础设施建设形成有力的补充。基于研究PPP模式在香港、英国和澳大利亚的应用,通过分析针对18个成功因素的问卷调查结果显示,来自不同地区的受访者均认为良好的私营机构、适当的风险分配和分担、公营部门和私营机构的承诺和责任这三点是最为重要的PPP模式关键性成功因素。基于对这些因素的特点研究与排序,进一步分析各因素间的变量关系、共性特点和差异性特点。由于中国针对PPP模式关键性成功因素分析专题的文献很少,希望本论文能够对中国的PPP学术研究和发展提供参考。     

基于Modelica的主动波浪补偿起重机建模与仿真

为研究主动波浪补偿起重机的动态特性和起吊重物质量等关键参数对主动波浪补偿起重机性能的影响,采用多领域统一建模语言Modelica,在MWorks仿真软件中构建二次马达、恒压变量泵、蓄能器、溢流阀和钢丝绳等模型,以构造出完整的主动波浪补偿起重机模型.对该模型进行仿真分析,结果表明:当起吊重物的质量为20t～160t时,主动波浪补偿起重机的控制效果较好;当起吊重物的质量达到200 t时,重物的补偿位移控制效果相对较差;通过调整PID控制参数可提高起重机起吊重物的质量.     

RAMS在城市轨道交通牵引供电系统中的应用

论述城市轨道交通牵引供电系统安全可靠性管理的重要作用,对RAMS(可靠性、可用性、可维护性和安全性)管理方法进行剖析.将RAMS方法应用于城市轨道交通牵引供电系统的单个设备、各子系统及整个系统,并且结合系统的设计、施工、维护过程进行研究.结果表明,RAMs管理能够从应用的角度对系统的安全可靠性进行分析和实现,在城市轨道交通牵引供电系统中具有广阔的应用前景.     

高速铁路轨温、梁温和环境温度的研究

实时掌握轨温和梁温对高速铁路桥上无缝线路稳定性的影响至关重要,然而高速铁路运营期间,线路管理部门无法人工实时对轨温进行测量。针对该问题,本文介绍一种对轨温、梁温和环境温度进行长期实时监测的方法,并通过一年的监测数据详细分析轨温、梁温和环境温度三者的关系:每天最值大小的关系;每天最值出现时刻的关系;温度差值的关系及相关性分析。分析结果对保障桥上无缝线路的安全和提高维修养护水平具有一定意义。