BP算法的改进及其在公路工程主材价格预测中的应用

在利用相关分析法对主材价格影响因素进行筛选的基础上,建立了基于改进BP神经网络算法的公路工程主材价格预测模型.结合郑州市石屑价格预测的实例,分别采用3种BP改进算法进行预测,并对结果进行了对比分析.证明了使用改进BP神经网络进行公路工程主材价格预测是可行和有效的.     

基于无师GFMM神经网络的公路工程工时定额测算方法研究

论述了工时定额的概念及影响因素、常用的工时定额制定方法、线性神经网络模型的不足。提出了一种模糊极大极小人工神经网络模型的工时定额测算方法,该方法不仅具有一般神经网络的优点,可以输入n维模糊量,而且能够直接处理模糊变量。同时,网络的训练采用无师学习方法,使得模型能够应付新出现的影响因素,从而可以解决新技术、新工艺的出现对工时定额的动态影响。     

一种评定摆式列车回复安全性的方法

提出了采用摆式列车倾摆机构的回复刚度来评定摆式列车的回复安全性的方法。回复角刚度表述了在倾摆过程中倾摆机构失去动力时,车体回复中位的稳定性。当回复角刚度为正时,车体可在重力作用下回复到中位;为负时则不能回复到中位;为零时处于临界状态。可以把回复角刚度作为衡量车辆回复安全性的指标。     

CATIA modeling method of ship hull with hull line as data input北大核心CSCD

[Objective]To simplify the ship modeling process and improve modeling efficiency, this paper proposes a method for rapidly implementing hull model creation based on hull line drawing.[Methods]Using the CATIA platform, this method adopts the component application architecture (CAA) development tool for secondary development. First, by reading the geometry elements and label information of the hull lines in a drawing, the transformation of the offset points from 2D to 3D is realized. On this basis, the creation of the hull lines, stern and bow is completed, and a 3D wireframe model obtained. Finally, the hull 3D modeling is completed in conjunction with the CATIA native surface creation command. The stability and reliability verification of the developed type value extraction and bow generation program is then carried out via application analysis.[Results]The results show that the compiled program can realize the automatic creation of offset points, transverse lines, waterlines, profile lines and other boundary lines except the top line of the wall, and the centerline and tangent lines created by the bow generator are easily modified and simple for users to operate. [Conclusions]The verification results show that the method of a creating hull model using "Generative Shape Design" and "Drafting" with the hull line drawing as the data input is stable, reliable and able to realize rapid hull modeling, giving it certain practical value. © The Author(s) 2022.     

刨削式与整体型蜂窝式车辆防爬器对撞性能分析

列车对撞时通过配备的防爬吸能元件实现防爬及碰撞能量吸收。当两列配置有不同型号防爬器的列车发生碰撞时,由于非协调变形,可能会使防爬器的受力情况比配置同一型号防爬器的列车对撞时的受力情况更加恶劣。分析了整体型蜂窝式防爬器和刨削式防爬器的吸能特性,并通过试验和仿真对比分析了这两种防爬器对撞时的吸能特性。这两种不同型号的防爬器对撞时,刨削式防爬器受力更加恶劣,而整体型蜂窝式防爬器受力会变好,二者均可正常后退压缩。     

铁路货车防盗系统设计

针对铁路运输的货物在途中被盗现象，提出了货车、集装箱防盗系统的设计原理，给出了系统硬件结构示意图和软件设计框图并对其在 Ｔ Ｍ Ｉ Ｓ中的使用前景进行了展望。     

Surface chlorophyll in the Black Sea over 1978–1986 derived from satellite and in situ data

Absolute values of chlorophyll a concentration and its spatial and seasonal variations in the Black Sea were assessed by using satellite CZCS and in situ data. Since the satellite CZCS had operated for the 1978–1986 period, CZCS data was used for assessing the past state of the Black Sea just before the onset of drastic changes observed in late 1980s. The approach used for the calculation of the absolute values of chlorophyll a concentration from CZCS data was based on the direct comparison of in situ chlorophyll a data and those of CZCS and by applying the algorithm developed for the transformation of CZCS data into chlorophyll a values. CZCS Level 2 data related with pigment concentration having a spatial resolution of 1 km at nadir were used. The daily Level 3 files were derived by binning Level 2 values into 4-km grid cells and the monthly and seasonal Level 3 files were created by averaging the daily Level 3 files over the corresponding period. In situ chlorophyll a data were obtained by spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods in 15 scientific cruises over the 1978–1986 period. Total number of ship-measured data used for the comparison with those CZCS values was 590.Chlorophyll a concentration (Chl) was derived from CZCS values (C) with regression equations Chl=kC; the coefficient of transformation k was calculated from six different data sets by taking into account distinctions between subregions and seasons. The reasons for difference in the k values have been analyzed.Statistical comparison of the chlorophyll a values measured in situ and those derived from CZCS data was based on log-transformed data and gave the following results: regression SLOPE=0.842, regression INTERCEPT=−0.081, coefficient of determination (R²)=0.806, root–mean–square ERROR=0.195. The mean monthly chlorophyll a distributions derived from CZCS data over 1978–1986 have been constructed and the mean seasonal chlorophyll a values in different regions have been calculated and analyzed. The significant difference in chlorophyll concentration between the western shelf regions and the open part of the Black Sea has been demonstrated, especially in warm season. At almost all seasons, the highest chlorophyll concentration is observed in the western interior shelf region which is under strong influence of Danube. The summer mean chlorophyll concentration in this region is 18 times higher than that in the open parts and about nine times higher than in the eastern shelf region. The greatest seasonal variations are observed in the open part of the Black Sea: chlorophyll concentration in cold season is four to six times higher than in summer and three to five times higher than in April and October. To the contrary, in the western interior shelf regions, the concentration is higher in May–October (about twice than that in November–March). Seasonal variations in the western outer shelf regions are smoothed out as compared with both the western interior shelf and the open regions.     

Study on lateral dynamic characteristics of vehicle/turnout system

Based on Chinese No. 12 high speed, single-way swing nose rail concrete sleeper turnout, a comprehensive vehicle/turnout system coupling dynamic model has been established in this paper, and the lateral and vertical dynamic characteristics of vehicle/turnout systems have been simulated while the car passes through the turnout zone on divergence. These dynamic characteristics show that the lateral impact and vibration of the systems caused by the wheel/rail contact and irregularity are very intensive, especially at the switch zone and nose area of the turnout, and the lateral dynamics of the turnout system, such as lateral stability, vibrating responses, impacting and the allowable passing velocity force between the wheelsets and the switch rails are much more complicated than that of the vertical ones.