改进BP算法在公路工程主材价格预测中的应用研究

分析了传统BP算法的不足,利用相关分析法筛选出公路工程主材价格的主要影响因素;在确定BP神经网络结构及选取训练函数的基础上,建立了基于改进BP神经网络算法的公路工程主材价格预测模型,并结合合肥市石屑价格预测的实例,利用建立的预测模型,采用BP传统算法及附加动量法、自适应学习速率法、两者相结合法等3种改进算法分别预测了合肥市2个季度的石屑价格,并将预测结果进行对比,分析了不同BP算法预测结果之间的差异。结果表明,使用改进的BP神经网络算法进行公路工程主材价格预测,可以将预测误差控制在6%以内,并减少95%左右的训练步数。同时采用自适应学习速率和附加动量改进BP网络的方法相对最有效。     

硬质沥青混合料动态间接拉伸试验研究

基于动态测定方法确定的沥青混合料的参数能真实反映沥青混合料对运动车辆荷载的响应,并能正确表现沥青混合料本身的粘弹性性质等优点,利用英国Cooper NU-14多功能沥青材料试验机测定了30^#硬质沥青混合料的动态间接拉伸劲度模量,对试验结果进行了二元方差分析及非线性拟合,分析了级配、油石比、结合料类型和试验温度对动态间接拉伸试验的影响。结果表明：30^#硬质沥青混合料具有很高的动态间接拉伸劲度模量,用于沥青路面的下面层可减小其底面的拉应变;级配、油石比、试验温度和沥青针入度均对沥青混合料的动态间接拉伸劲度模量有显著的影响。     

微型养殖平台电站设计与实现

根据用户需求和养殖平台功能要求,提出了基于PLC控制的一套风柴储综合电站系统的解决方案。本文将从新能源方案选择、平台电站系统组成、电站关键设备选型、电站系统功能设计和电站监控系统等方面展开,详细介绍了养殖平台电站设计与实现的过程。     

小桥涵在施工中上下游铺砌长度的变化分析

根据施工中小桥涵河床铺砌长度的变化规律,经过分析、推导,得出了小桥涵上下游铺砌长度变化的理论计算公式。利用此公式,可大大地简化其计算过程,以准确的数据指导施工。     

Numerical Simulation and Analytical Solution of Hydraulic Fracturing in Sedimentary Rock Tunnels北大核心CSCD

In the whole process of survey, construction and operation of rock tunnels, hydraulic fracturing is a mechanical mechanism that needs to be focused. In this paper, numerical simulation for fracture damage constitutive model and analytical formula were used to study the hydraulic fracturing of stratified sedimentary rocks. Based on multi-field coupling finite element analysis software, and combining the linear elastic fracture criterion with the damage constitutive model, a seepage-stress-rock damage coupling model is redeveloped, in which micro cracks can be characterized, and applied to study the hydraulic fracturing of rock mass in the saturated seepage process. By introducing dispersed parallel micro cracks for simulating the beddings of sedimentary rocks, the sedimentary rock cylinder model was established to simulate the hydraulic fracturing behaviors under injecting water into apertures and acting of confining pressure, in order to study the fracturing failure modes and seepage distribution patterns. In addition, the quantitative relationship between the critical water pressure for initial cracking and the confining pressure, the pore diameter of specimens was discussed by changing the pore diameter and confining pressure. In order to verify the cracking initiation pressure law obtained by numerical simulation, based on the seepage theory and the basic equation of elastic mechanics, and combined with the tensile failure mode obtained in the simulation, the formula of critical water pressure for cracking initiation in the rock cylinder with uniform linear elastic seepage was derived. The results of analytical solution and numerical calculation show that the cracking initiation pressure obtained by the two methods is in good agreement with the deviation within 3%. The larger the confining pressure, the larger the cracking initiation pressure, with the approximate linear relationship. The smaller the aperture, the larger the cracking initiation pressure, with the approximate negative slope linear relationship in a certain range. At the same time, the cracking initiation pressure by the analytical solution is always slightly greater than that of the numerical solution, which reflects the impact caused by the difference of the basic material hypothesis between the analytical method and the numerical method. When the material property parameters are consistent, the cracking initiation pressure based on the assumption of ideal linear elastomer will be greater than that of the material introduced into the initial damage bedding. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Experimental and Numerical Study on the Behaviors of Deep-Buried Water-Storage and Drainage Shield Tunnels北大核心CSCD

Deep-buried water-storage and drainage shield tunnels, which are different from road and subway shield tunnels in terms of computation theory, construction technology and operation maintenance, would bear high inner water pressure and large earth pressure. In view of the change of the bearing mode for the lining structure of water-storage and drainage shield tunnels, a full-ring test and numerical analysis are carried out to study the influence of inner water pressure, staggered joint assembly and bolt installation types on the behaviors of water-storage and drainage shield tunnels. The results show that the deformation of the straight-jointed water-storage and drainage shield tunnel varies greatly from the state of empty water to that of full water; and the vertical and horizontal convergence deformations of the tunnel with inner water pressure of 0.6 MPa are 2.2 times and 3.2 times of that without inner water pressure, respectively. The convergence deformation, and the maximum joint opening and bolt tension of stagger-jointed lining structure decrease by 15%-25% and 25%- 40%, respectively, compared with that of the straight-jointed water-storage and drainage shield tunnel. The bolts at the segmental joints will yield because of the increase of inner water pressure and the first occurrence of bolt yield phenomenon is located near the position on the lining structure which is under the action of maximum negative bending moment; because the failure of shield tunnel is always caused by the yield of joint bolts, this position is the weak point for the deep-buried water-storage and drainage shield tunnel. For the water-storage and drainage shield tunnel based on the connection with double rows of bolts, the bolts near the outer arc surface of segmental joints in the area of 90 degree in the vault and arch bottom can be removed; the bolts near the inner arc surface of the segmental joints within the 90 degree of the haunch must be installed, otherwise, the tensile force of the bolts at the segmental joint near the maximum negative bending moment will increase by 5%-14%. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Study on the Stress and Deformation Behaviors of a Deep and Irregular Foundation Pit as the Shield Launching Shaft in a Sea Reclaimed Cofferdam北大核心CSCD

With the development of the tunnel technology in China, the shield tunnel will become an important way to build the Sea-crossing channel. Taking the current largest diameter Shantou Bay shield tunnel in China as the engineering background, this paper introduces the challenges faced by the construction of the shield launching shaft in the reclamation cofferdam: e.g. deep, irregular excavation, deep silt layer and great influence of the seawater. Based on the practical conditions, a top-down construction technique of large ring beam considering two working conditions of foundation pit excavation and shield launching is proposed. Based on three-dimensional finite element analysis and field measurement, the stress characteristics and soil deformation of foundation pit are studied. The results show that the top-down construction technique of large ring beam can effectively control the deformation of the foundation pit and save construction time. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Study on Designed Water Pressure Limit on Secondary Lining for Single-Track Railway Tunnels with High Water Pressure北大核心CSCD

With the rapid development of China high speed railway, there is a dramatic increase of deep-buried and long mountain tunnels, and more and more tunnels are disturbed by high water pressure during construction and operation. Design for tunnel lining with high water pressure is one of the central concerns in the field of tunnel engi-neering, and the key problem is to forecast water pressure on the secondary lining and determination of water pressure resistance grade. The upper limit of water pressure on the secondary lining is studied by investigation and analysis in this paper. The study shows: (1) There should be an upper limit for the grade of water pressure resistance; (2) It is not very effective to improve the tunnel structure bearing capacity by only increasing the lining thickness haphazard-ly, and the appropriate maximum thickness of secondary lining is 1 m; (3) It is also unsatisfactory to improve the tunnel structure bearing capacity by simply increase concrete strength grade. The appropriate concrete grade is between C40 and C50. (4) In view of tunnel structure safety and good operation performance, the upper limit of water pressure resist grade should be no more than 1.2 MPa. When water pressure on the secondary exceeds the designed value,comprehensive measures should be taken to adjust the value to the appropriate range. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

民事再审程序中父爱主义的缺陷——从我国民事再审程序的价值功能谈起

我国2007年修正的《民事诉讼法》对再审程序进行重点修改,一方面细化了再审事由,力图维护司法裁判的终局性、权威性、公信力：另一方面又将实质性事项列入再审事由,体现了立法者对当事人无微不至的父爱主义关怀,从而削弱了司法裁判的公信力,导致民事再审启动程序的随意性。而这一悖论根源于我国《民事诉讼法》对再审程序价值功能定位的错误,没有建立民事再审之诉。力图对我国民事再审程序的构建提出初步设想。     

Finite element analysis of collapse of front side rails with new types of crush initiators

Today’s vehicles are designed with lighter weight to increase performance and to lower fuel consumption, while at the same time meeting the demands of safety requirements. Reducing the cross-section of structural elements to achieve weight reduction can lead to adverse effects on passive safety of the vehicle. In such cases, necessary design modifications must be created to overcome the adverse effects. For this purpose, front rail columns with crush initiators are used in the front zone of cars. These shock-absorbing elements act as energy consuming devices that convert impact energy (kinetic energy) into plastic deformation energy. Simulation of this energy conversion phenomenon is the subject of this paper. The primary objective of this study is to computationally determine how various crush initiators can reduce the maximum crushing force and how different types of structural modifications affect the observed folding form. The ribs near the crash area are placed in two rows and four different configurations on all facing sides of the column in order to decrease reaction forces and absorb more kinetic energy. These structures are analyzed under axially loaded crushing forces using the explicit nonlinear finite element analysis solver ANSYS/LS-DYNA.