Network equilibrium for congested multi‐mode networks with elastic demand

This paper proposes an elastic demand network equilibrium model for networks with transit and walking modes. In Hong Kong, the multi‐mode transit system services over 90% of the total journeys and the demand on it is continuously increasing. Transit and walking modes are related to each other as transit passengers have to walk to and from transit stops. In this paper, the multi‐mode elastic‐demand network equilibrium problem is formulated as a variational inequality problem where the combined mode and route choices are modeled in a hierarchical logit structures and the total travel demand for each origin‐destination pair is explicitly given by an elastic demand function. In addition, the capacity constraint for transit vehicles and the effects of bi‐directional flows on walkways are considered in the proposed model. All these congestion effects are taken into account for modeling the travel choices. A solution algorithm is developed to solve the multi‐mode elastic‐demand network equilibrium model. It is based on a Block Gauss‐Seidel decomposition approach coupled with the method of successive averages. A numerical example is used to illustrate the application of the proposed model and solution algorithm.     

超声冲击法改善高强钢焊接接头的疲劳性能

焊接接头的疲劳强度远低于母材 ,大量试验表明疲劳裂纹主要起源于接头焊趾处。使用超声冲击法处理接头 ,以改变焊趾区几何形状、消除焊趾缺陷、调整焊趾区残余应力场 ,是改善焊接接头及结构疲劳强度的一种有效方法。利用自行研制的超声冲击装置 ,采用两种接头形式 (纵向角接接头和对接接头 )进行了 SS80 0高强钢原始焊态与超声冲击处理态的疲劳对比试验 ,结果表明 :( 1 )双面焊对接接头焊态试件的疲劳强度Δσ ( 2× 1 0 6 )为 1 5 0 MPa;单面焊对接焊态试件的疲劳强度Δσ ( 2× 1 0 6 )为 1 3 2 MPa;纵向角接焊态试件的疲劳强度Δσ ( 2× 1 0 6 )为 98MPa。 ( 2 )超声冲击处理态单面焊双面成型试件与原始焊态试件相比 ,疲劳强度提高 1 3 2 %左右 ,疲劳寿命延长了 48～ 1 3 2倍 ;双面焊接对接超声冲击处理态试件与原始焊态试件相比 ,疲劳强度提高95 %左右 ,疲劳寿命延长了 2 2～ 62倍 ;纵向角接接头超声冲击处理试件与原始焊态试件相比 ,疲劳强度提高1 73 %左右 ,疲劳寿命延长了 3 2～ 70倍。 ( 3 )超声冲击处理技术能够大幅度改善高强钢焊接接头的疲劳性能     

基于运力均衡与运量转移的公路货运运力结构预测

针对传统公路货运运力结构趋势预测以及区域车辆结构均衡预测中不考虑总运量和单件重型货物运量分辟的预测方法存在的不足,提出了通过对分轮轴类型的公路货运车辆载质量谱的调查,获取基年车辆吨位的累积概率函数,并使用Logit模型对计划年公路货物总运量以及计划年载质量法规和超限严格管制力度改变情景下的单件重型货物运量进行转移预测,建立计划年单件货物质量概率分布函数,在此基础上基于运力均衡的理论建立计划年不同吨位车辆运力的求解模型。     

Three-speed transmission system for purely electric vehicles

This paper discusses the necessity of using a transmission system to improve the energy efficiency of purely electric vehicles (EVs). The energy efficiency of an electric motor varies at different operating points to meet the output power demand. The three gear ratios of a transmission system can maintain the motor speed within a stable region with relatively high energy efficiency, while various vehicle speeds are needed. This work is based on a light EV prototype. The optimized gear ratios of this transmission result in a considerably reduced energy consumption of 9.3% compared with conventional EVs with single-speed reducers under the condition of the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule driving cycle. Thus, the transmission system is necessary to improve the energy efficiency of EVs.     

Starting sliding mode variable structure that coordinates the control and real-time optimization of dry dual clutch transmissions

This paper researches the coordination of control between an engine and clutch at the system level to adequately reflect a driver’s intention and improve the starting performance of a vehicle equipped with a dry dual clutch transmission (DCT). Four-degree-of-freedom (DOF) starting dynamic equations are established for a dry DCT with a single intermediate shaft, and a two-DOF model of the sliding friction process and a single-DOF in-gear model of stable operation are obtained after simplifying these equations. Taking advantage of predictive control and a genetic algorithm, target tracing curves of the engine’s speed and the vehicle’s velocity are optimally specified online, and the starting sliding mode variable structure (SMVS) coordinating control strategy is designed to track these curves. The starting performance of a prototype car equipped with a dry DCT is simulated under different starting cases on the MATLAB/Simulink software platform. The simulation results show that the designed SMVS coordinating controller not only embodies driver intention and effectively improves the dry DCT car’s starting performance but is also highly robust when subjected to variations in the vehicle parameters.     

Influence of rail pressure on a two-stage turbocharged heavy-duty diesel engine under transient operation

The demand for continually improving the transient performance of diesel engines requires higher rail pressure and more efficient turbocharger. Before the test, a two-stage turbocharger with a turbine by-pass valve (TBV) had been matched reasonably with the base engine. In order to reduce smoke emission under the typical 5-second transient process of constant speed and increasing torque, the influence of rail pressure on combustion, emissions and performance characteristics was experimentally investigated. The results showed that the two-stage turbocharger was helpful in improving transient performance. Moreover, the full-stage rail pressure (FSRP) strategies (increasing rail pressure during the whole transient process) could reduce smoke emission when the TBV was closed. However, smoke deteriorated once TBV opening got larger. Then the sectional-stage rail pressure (SSRP) strategies (increasing rail pressure from a pre-set load to 100 % load) were presented under small TBV opening to improve in-cylinder thermal condition. Hence, the air-fuel mixing process was improved at medium and large loads. Then the maximum decline of smoke opacity peak was 56.3 %, which happened under 10 % TBV opening. In addition, fuel consumption of FSRP strategies got worse under larger TBV opening. However, this deterioration situation could be effectively restrained by the utilization of SSRP strategies.     

Modeling and solving discrete network design problem with stochastic user equilibrium

In this paper, we address the discrete network design problem, which determines the addition of new roads to existing transportation network to optimize the transportation system performance. Road users are assumed to follow the traffic assignment principle of stochastic user equilibrium. A mixed‐integer nonlinear nonconvex problem is developed to model this discrete network design problem with stochastic user equilibrium. The original problem is relaxed into a convex mixed‐integer nonlinear program, whose solution provides a lower bound of the original problem. The relaxed problem is then embedded into two proposed global optimization solution algorithms to obtain the global optimal solution of the problem. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Technology application and development trend of intelligent unmanned system北大核心CSCD

Intelligent unmanned system combat is moving from concepts to actual combat applications. The military applications of intelligent unmanned systems are emphasized by focusing on the needs of the combat missions that they will undertake on future battlefields and summarizing the development statuses of land, air and maritime unmanned systems. Aiming at the key problems faced by intelligent unmanned systems and the practical difficulties that will be faced on the battlefield in the future, we analyze the key technologies required for intelligent unmanned systems, including autonomous perception and understanding in complex environments, behavioral decision-making and trajectory planning, autonomous navigation and positioning, multi-scenario autonomous skill learning and intelligent control, unmanned cluster cooperative control, natural human-computer interaction, etc. At the same time, aiming at the problems that will be encountered in the further development of intelligent unmanned systems on the battlefield in the future, we start with individual enhancement and cluster enhancement, and conduct a detailed analysis of the development trends of intelligent unmanned systems. © 2022 Palaeobulgarica. All rights reserved.     

电动助力转向用无刷直流电机直接转矩控制方法研究

结合EPS系统的功能特点,提出1种适用于汽车转向的无刷直流电机(BLDC)系统直接转矩控制(DTC)方法,以提升汽车转向系统的控制性能。从BLDC系统的转矩特性和磁链特性的关系入手,根据电机系统的转矩、磁链跟踪误差及定子磁链所处扇区号,查询预先规划的离线查找表(LUT),直接输出最优的电压空间矢量。并基于Matlab/Simulink仿真平台进行BLDC调速系统的仿真实验。结果表明,DTC方法可以对电磁转矩脉动进行有效控制,而且能大大提高BLDC的动、稳态驱动性能,提供了1种适用于电动助力转向EPS系统控制的新思路。