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141.
J. M. Weslawski J. Wiktor J. Koszteyn M. Zajaczkowski P. Wieczorek L. Kotwicki 《Journal of Marine Systems》1997,10(1-4)
Multidisciplinary, marine ecological observations were conducted at the shallow water edge of the Northeast Water in June, 1993. Although variable in size and shape, a small polynya was constantly present at Eskimonaes, at the fast-ice edge of Ingolfsfjord. A shallow stratified layer developed at the water sufface at negative water and air temperatures—an effect of sea ice melting in cold water early in the season. Nutrients were recorded in considerable quantities, although by mid July NO3 had become depleted. The chlorophyll and phytoplankton maxima at 8–12 m depth had peak values of 2 mg chl a m−3, typical for Arctic algal blooms. The phytoplankton included over 90 species and was dominated by the Fragillariopsis group. Zooplankton was poor in biomass and density, but over 23 taxa were found, with the copepods Oithona similis and Pseudocalanus acuspes being numerically dominant. Sedimentation was approximately 0.2 g dry weight m−2 d−1 and suspended matter concentrations ranged from 4 to 19 mg l−1. The benthos was represented by hard bottom forms only, with a surprisingly dense cover of macrophytes. Juvenile sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis), brittle stars (Ophiocten sericeum) and amphipods were dominant. Higher trophic levels were represented by benthic feeders, such as eiders and walruses. The area observed was more similar to high Arctic fjord ecosystems than to the offshore central Northeast Water polynya. 相似文献
142.
Container line supply chains, based on a near-frictionless international transport belief, have contributed to economic prosperity
and also rendered themselves uniquely vulnerable to various risks. 9/11 terrorists attacks, the lock-out of American West
Ports and the global breakout of SARS disease have gradually shown that a) the safety and reliability in the chains are facing
an unprecedented challenge and b) traditional engineeringbased risk assessment methods are inadequate to deal with the threats
from variational environments, especially in the era of terrorism rampancy. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to develop
a conceptual risk assessment model for container line supply chains based on a modified Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) methodology
that takes risks from vulnerability rather than only hazards into account. It gives particular emphasis on the analysis of
the threats with a high level of uncertainty from both safety and economic viewpoints. The advantages of the vulnerability-based
risk analysis approach to the hazard-based one are clarified and both engineering-based and managerial risk assessments are
also discussed. 相似文献
143.
144.
This paper investigates the feasibility of a self-organizing, completely distributed traffic information system based upon vehicle-to-vehicle communication technologies. Unlike centralized traffic information systems, the proposed system does not need public infrastructure investment as a prerequisite for implementation. Due to the complexity of the proposed system, simulation is selected as the primary approach in the feasibility studies. A simulation framework is built based on an existing microscopic traffic simulation model for the simulation studies. The critical questions for building the proposed market-driven system are examined both from communication requirements and traffic engineering points of view. Traffic information propagation both in freeway and arterial networks via information exchange among IVC-equipped vehicles is tested within the simulation framework. Results on the probability of successful IVC and traffic information propagation distance obtained from the simulation studies are generated and analyzed under incident-free and incident conditions for various roadway formats and parameter combinations. Comparisons between the speed of the incident information wave and the speed of the corresponding traffic shock wave due to the incident are analyzed for different scenarios as the most crucial aspect of the information propagation as a potential foundation for application in such a decentralized traffic information system. 相似文献
145.
Barbara E. Baarsma Jan G. Lambooy 《Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment》2005,10(6):459-475
Externalities are uncompensated influences that are not expressed in a market but that affect the production possibilities or the welfare level of third parties. An example is the noise pollution in airport areas. Although air transport is an important source of economic growth and employment in many countries, the social and environmental problems connected with this sector are rising rapidly. Consequently, airports are becoming a matter of concern to many politicians. On what kind of values should they base their decisions as to further growth or consolidation of the current situation? In this paper we discuss two approaches, one based on mainstream, neo-classical, economics, and one based on institutional approaches, more in particular new institutional economics, which can be seen as a development complementary to the mainstream. 相似文献
146.
港口计量工作随着港口运输生产的不断发展,其重要性也越来越受到各级管理者的高度重视与关注。秦皇岛港务集团铁运分公司经过多年的严格管理、扎实工作,逐步摸索出了一条科学的管理方法,在加强计量管理,提高服务质量,提升企业形象等方面做了有益的尝试。 相似文献
147.
148.
用UG软件代替放电加工方法对模具进行数控加工,可以大大提高模具的加工效率和加工质量。 相似文献
149.
150.
渌水特大桥岩溶桩基础施工技术 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
结合浙赣铁路渌水特大桥大孔径钻孔灌注桩基础的施工实践,介绍了岩溶地基条件下桩基础的成桩方法和施工工艺,以及常见施工事故的避免和处理技术。 相似文献