基于响应面和遗传算法的柴油机瞬态过程喷油参数优化

基于台架试验数据,利用响应面法建立了某工程机械用柴油机瞬态过程喷油参数与性能的近似高精度模型,基于此模型采用遗传算法对瞬态过程喷油参数分别进行离线优化研究。结果表明:采用单目标优化确定的燃油消耗率(BSFC)、NO_x比排放量和颗粒质量(PM)比排放量的优化极限分别可达180.23g/(kW·h),8.92g/(kW·h)和0.011 8g/(kW·h),相对原机可降低多达4.5%,34.0%和37.3%。双目标优化的Pareto解集表明,相比于同时优化BSFC和NO_x比排放量,BSFC和PM比排放量更容易同时得到优化。采用权重因子适应度函数的三目标优化结果对应的BSFC,NO_x比排放量及PM比排放量分别为184.70g/(kW·h),12.62g/(kW·h)和0.012 2g/(kW·h),较原机分别降低2.1%,6.6%和35.3%。改进优化模型后,性能优化Pareto解集对应的BSFC和PM比排放量水平都非常接近其优化极限,但NO_x比排放量相对其优化极限仍然较高。     

小型直喷式柴油机燃用生物质能燃料的性能研究

文章主要研究了生物质能混合燃料在柴油机上的应用,通过在一台小型直喷式柴油机上进行不同组分柴油-生物柴油-乙醇混合燃料的燃烧、油耗和排放性能对比试验,分析了乙醇含量的改变对混合燃料的发动机燃烧压力、滞燃期、放热规律、比油耗和排放的影响．     

高速公路景观设计初探

就高速公路景观设计进行了探讨.     

高等级公路沥青路面平整度的控制

结合几年来的公路施工经验,根据影响路面平整度主要因素,分析设备及施工工艺方面应注意的主要事项,以提高高速公路路面的平整度.     

体外大鼠成骨细胞对破骨细胞形成的影响

目的通过将鼠成骨细胞与破骨细胞直接共培养的实验方法,研究成骨细胞对破骨细胞分化及功能成熟的影响。方法按照M-CSF 30μg/L、RANKL 50μg/L的浓度对鼠骨髓单个核细胞诱导培养6 d,与原代培养3 d的鼠成骨细胞按细胞数量1∶1直接共培养,加入1,25-(OH)2D31×10-8mol/L和PGE21×10-6mol/L,利用形态学观察、TRAP染色、骨吸收陷窝检测等方法对共培养细胞进行鉴定。结果成骨细胞与破骨细胞共培养时,成骨细胞有明显的生长优势;染色后显微镜下可见大量呈单层排列的成骨细胞,偶见TRAP( )的破骨细胞。结论成骨细胞对破骨细胞分化及功能成熟的影响与两者的相对数量有关。本实验中,由于成骨细胞快速生长,当其数量多于破骨细胞时,可能使1,25-(OH)2D3对成骨细胞RANKL表达的上调作用不足,且PGE2对成骨细胞OPG表达的下调作用不足,从而主要表现为对破骨细胞形成及分化的抑制作用。     

彩色多普勒超声在动态监测移植肝及其并发症中的应用

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声在动态监测肝移植术后血流动力学变化及并发症诊治中的应用价值。方法回顾我中心107例原位肝移植术后应用彩色多普勒超声资料,汇总后行统计学分析。结果肝移植术后早期门脉流速较正常对照组升高,而肝动脉流速降低,后逐渐恢复正常。107例中发现肝动脉血栓形成2例(1.87%),肝动脉狭窄5例(4.67%),门脉血栓形成3例(2.80%),肿瘤复发7例(6.54%),诊断为急性排斥反应18例次(16.82%),慢性排斥反应10例次(9.34%),胸腔积液105例(98.13%),腹腔积液65例(60.74%),假性动脉瘤1例,胰漏1例,胆道感染4例(3.74%),胆道狭窄4例(3.74%),胆漏5例(4.67%),胆总管结石1例。结论彩色多普勒超声在动态监测肝移植术后血流动力学变化及并发症诊治中具有重要的临床意义。     

Role of candesartan against cerebral ischemia and oxidative damage in normotensive rats

Objective Angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ ) contributes to modulating blood pressure by stimulation of Ang Ⅱ AT1 receptors. We devised a rat transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model to assess whether oxidative damage is decreased after pretreatment with Angiotensin Ⅱ AT1 receptor blocker (ARB). Methods After 2 weeks pretreatment with ARB 0. 5 and 1 mg/kg, the male Wister rats were subjected to 2 h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). At 24 h, the lumen diameter of middle cerebral artery, the plasma level of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and HIF-1 a levels were recorded and compared. Results After pretrcatment with ARB 0.5 and 1 mg/kg, blood pressure did not significantly change compared with that of controls. In the group of candesartan at 1 mg/(kg· day), the lumen diameter was significantly increased compared to that in control group [(86.0±5.0) μm vs. (69.0± 2.1) μm; P<0. 01, n = 6- 8]. The plasma 8-OHdG levels of ARB pretreatment groups were decreased. In immunohistochemical findings, 8-OHdG- and HIF-1α-containing cells in ARB pretreatment groups were decreased. Conclusion Brain ischemia and oxidative damage can be reversed by AT1 receptor blockade in normotensive rats after transient cerebral artery occlusion.     

The changes of neuronal activity of the zone incerta in a rodent model of Parkinson＇s disease

Objective To study the changes in neuronal activity of the zone incerta (ZI) following the unilateral lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway. Methods Eiectrophysiological recordings of ZI neurons were made in normal rats and in two groups of rats at different time intervals after injection of 6-hydrodopamine (6-OHDA) into the pars compacta of snbstantia nigra by extracellular recording in vivo. Results The results showed a significant increase in the mean firing rate of ZI during the second and fourth weeks after 6-OHDA lesion [-n=32, (3.6±2. 2)Hz, P<0.001; n=35, (9.3±6.6)Hz, P<0. 001, respectively] compared to that of normal rats [n=39, (9.2±5.2)Hz]. However, no significant change was observed between two groups of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. With regard to firing pattern, 7.7%(3/39) of ZI neurons discharged regularly, 82.1% (32/39) irregularly and 10. 3% (4/39) in bursts in normal rats. During the second week after 6-OHDA lesion, the regular, irregular and bursting firing neurons recorded in the ZI were 9.4% (3/32), 59. 4% (19/32) and 31.3% (10/32), and during fourth week, the regular, irregular and bursting firing neurons were 14.3% (5/35), 57.1% (20/35) and 28. 6% (10/35), respectively. The firing pattern of the neurons in the three different groups did not change significantly. Conclusion These results suggest that the firing rate of ZI neurons in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats is increased significantly, which may contribute to the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.     

应用离心造粒法制备盐酸二甲双胍微丸的研究

目的研究离心造粒粉末层积法制备盐酸二甲双胍微丸。方法采用多功能微丸包衣造粒机制备微晶纤维素空白丸芯和盐酸二甲双胍微丸,并且通过产率、粒径和粒径分布、堆密度、表面形态和圆整度、脆碎度和释放度对盐酸二甲双胍微丸进行质量评价。结果以盐酸二甲双胍∶乳糖∶微晶纤维素=100∶5∶3的比例,主机转速150 r/min,喷浆泵转速20 r/min,供粉速度25 r/min,滚圆6 min,进行制备微丸,获得了很好的效果。结论所制备的盐酸二甲双胍微丸圆整度好,粒径均匀,硬度合格,流动性好,释放完全,无骨架结构。