The potential for real-time passenger information as part of an integrated bus-control/information system

This paper is concerned with the effect of linking innovative bus-control systems with real-time passenger information, with the overall aim of improving conditions for bus operation and passengers in central urban corridors. The first section presents a concise review of bus passenger information systems (particularly their application at bus stops). Then the concept of real-time passenger information is explored. The case for and against real-time information is argued and two British case-studies follow. In the second section it is argued that the provision of real-time information, as part of an integrated bus-control/information system, offers new possibilities for meeting the identified needs of public transport users. Finally, in the third section, some comments are made on the evaluation of different combinations of bus-control and passenger information tested using a simulation method and a series of subjective response surveys. General relationships governing the degree of bus-control required and the extent of information needed are of special interest.     

Risk and return of U.S. water transportation stocks over time and over bull and bear market conditions

The aim of this paper is to investigate the behaviour of water transportation company stock returns in the U.S. stock exchanges from 1985 to 1994 in order to determine whether the systematic risk of this industry is different from that of the 'average' company in the market, whether it has changed over the ten year period, over bull and bear market conditions, and whether there is a firm 'size' effect in the industry. In the context of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (Capm), we find that the systematic risk of the shipping industry return is not different from that of the 'average' company. It is also found that the covariance of water transportation companies with respect to the overall stock market return did not change over the ten year period although it appears that it has changed over normal upward/downward market movements. There is also reasonable evidence that the intercept of the equation might have changed over normal upward/downward market movements. Finally, we document contradictory evidence regarding the size effect; during the period 1985-1989 we find small companies to have significantly higher returns and risk while during the period 1990-1994 medium size companies tend to have higher risk than small and large firms, which is not however compensated by higher returns.     

浅析如何改善VTS信息服务质量

近年来随着水运经济的快速发展,船舶种类、数量逐年增多,呈现大型化、快速化的趋势,VTS安全信息服务对船舶航行安全显得越来越重要。改善VTS的安全信息服务,对维护水上交通安全和防止水域污染,促进沿江经济发展,具有十分重要的意义。     

Biologically induced modification of seawater viscosity in the Eastern English Channel during a Phaeocystis globosa spring bloom

To identify the potential relationship between Pheaocystis globosa bloom conditions and seawater properties, a hydrobiological survey was performed in the inshore waters of the Eastern English Channel over the course of the phytoplankton spring bloom. Chlorophyll concentration, auto- and hetero/mixotrophic composition of protists and standing stock, and seawater viscosity were measured weekly from March to June 2004. The decline of the bloom is characterized by a massive foam formation in the turbulent surf zone. Before foam formation, seawater viscosity significantly increased, showing a significant positive correlation with chlorophyll concentration. In contrast, after foam formation this correlation was negative, seawater viscosity kept increasing despite a sharp decrease in chlorophyll concentrations. No significant correlation has been found between seawater viscosity and the composition of the phytoplankton assemblages observed during the survey. However, significant positive correlations have been found between seawater viscosity and both the size and the abundance of P. globosa colonies. From the correlation patterns observed between chlorophyll concentration and seawater viscosity, we suggest that the rheological properties of seawater are mainly driven by extracellular materials associated with colony formation and maintenance rather than by cell composition and standing stock.     

Driver steering and muscle activity during a lane-change manoeuvre

The article reports an experimental study of driver steering control behaviour in a lane-change manoeuvre. Eight test subjects were instrumented with electromyography to measure muscle activation and co-contraction. Each subject completed 30 lane-change manoeuvres with one vehicle on a fixed-base driving simulator. For each driver, the steering torque feedback characteristic was changed after every ten manoeuvres; the response of the vehicle to steering angle inputs was not changed. Drivers' control strategies were found to be robust to changes in steering torque feedback. Path-following errors, muscle activity and muscle co-contraction all reduce with the number of lane-changes performed by the driver, suggesting the existence of a learning process. Comparing the test subjects, there was some evidence that high levels of co-contraction were used to allow high-frequency steering inputs to be generated. The results contribute to the understanding of vehicle-driver (and more generally, human-machine) dynamic interaction.     

宽带视频IPTV技术

阐述了IPTV技术，将现有的语音业务，数据业务和宽带视频业务结合起来，终端用户只需一种接入即可享受多种业务服务，其充分的交互性、业务的新颖性、丰富性和差异性，将极大地满足用户日益增长的娱乐消费需求。     

Evasive manoeuvres with a steering robot

In the pursuit of an objective rating on vehicle stability performance, it is always desirable to reduce disturbances and inconsistencies during experimental evaluations, especially the ones introduced by human drivers. This paper presents the development of a steering robot designed for closed-loop steering tasks during evasive manoeuvres. It describes the controller structure and discusses experimental results, in addition to simulation/vehicle model verifications and theoretical control analysis.     

我国与周边国家（地区）主要集装箱港口竞争形势分析

1 我国大陆港口与周边国家(地区)港口竞争形势的演变 我国东部及东南部邻国(地区)中,海运比较发达的国家和地区有日本、韩国、台湾省、新加坡、泰国、菲律宾、印尼、马来西亚及香港特别行政区,加中国大陆共10个国家和地区。世界前6位集装箱大港都集中在本地区。     

上海铁路客运快速发展对策研究

上海铁路是上海市对外的重要客运通道。进入21世纪,沪宁、沪杭干线能力饱和,上海铁路枢纽内客运站能力不足已成为上海铁路客运持续发展的障碍。而随着长三角经济区的发展,上海铁路客运量将会持续增长。面对客运量快速增长的形势,应针对长三角的快速发展和运输能力建设的阶段性、时限性,完善路网规划的方案研究,把握实施规划的时机,调整客运站的布局,建设以铁路为主体的现代化“零换乘”的大城市客运系统。     

基于AutoCAD的齿轮参数化设计系统的开发与设计

齿轮是机械装备中一个重要的零件,但是在设计绘图中它的绘制比较麻烦。考虑到它的形状之间有很大的类似性我们决定建立一个基于参数化的齿轮设计系统。从而提高绘图速度。系统采用模块化的设计思想,用VB在AutoCAD上开发。