A new regulation for the European public transport

Authority intervention in the public transport sector has a long history and has led to a growing corps of legal texts in European countries. These texts are often divergent, if not incompatible. This was no problem until the rather recent internationalization of the sector. With this internationalization, the European Commission decided to address this issue. This chapter describes what has led to the appearance of this new Regulation and the main steps on the 10-year long road that led to the adoption of the new Regulation. The chapter also formulates some comments on the results reached.     

用ispLSI1024实现电力机车保护逻辑控制的设计

介绍了在系统可编程逻辑器件ispLSI1024以及使用这种器件实现电力机车保护逻辑控制的方法，叙述了使用ispEXPERT的EDA开发设计流程。     

E-bikes among older adults: benefits,disadvantages, usage and crash characteristics

Transportation - The promotion of sustainable and healthy mobility among older adults (≥?65 years) is an important challenge. E-bikes may be part of the solution, but research...     

Estimation of copepod production in a flooded savanna of Venezuela

This is the first contribution to the copepod production in Venezuelan tropical savannas. Total abundance, biomass, production and mean P/B ratio of nauplii, copepodids and adults were determined in interdaily samples from a flooded, embanked savanna during February and March (end of dry season), and May (beginning of rainy season). Highest values of biomass and total production were recorded during dry season (61.5 mg m⁻³, 153.8 mg m⁻³ day⁻¹, respectively), compared to the rainy season (5.6 mg m⁻³, 45.9 mg m⁻³ day⁻¹). The last values are related to a low population density found during rainy season. Highest production were observed in copepodids at the end of the dry season. Significant differences of production between nauplii and copepodid stages, as well as between nauplii and adults, were also found.     

Mixed‐mode travel demand forecasting techniques

From an extensive review of literature covering 34 cases where mixed‐mode policies had been used, ranging from strategic area wide to local studies, it was concluded that none of the techniques adopted had adequately dealt with the particular problem of mixed modes.

Two philosophies were identified, a market research approach and formal simulation modelling. The latter ranged from coarse zonal diversion curve models, to individual based multi modal split models. The limited information given in the reports prevented making practical comparisons between the models.

Monte‐Carlo simulation was used in order to look in more depth at the multi‐modal choice model structures encountered in the review. It was found that the multi‐nomial logit, which is the most commonly used model, was quite robust but performed badly when modal costs were highly correlated, a case which may occur far too often.     

A Numerical Model Coupling Electromagnetism and Thermomechanics Application to Induction Heating Modeling

Introduction-TheinductionheatingprocessInductionheatingiswide1yusedinindustrialProcessesinvolvingmetallurgyheattreatthentsuchasquenching,hardening,brasing,Preheatinforforgillgoperations,sdsecoatinormeltnginelectromagneticcrucibles[DAV].ThemainadVatapesofinductionheatngProcessesarethefastheatinrate,greatPrecisionintheheatinlocalisation(suPefficialheatngedhighfrequencypowersuPpliesforschcetreatmentProcess),instarestart/top(nowimuPrequlredforeachcycle)andagoodreProducibilityThebasicinducton…     

ITS applications for work zones

The use of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in construction work zones to disseminate traffic information has increased significantly in recent years, mainly with the use of Variable Message Signs (VMS). VMS are used based on the assumption that informed drivers will make better travel decisions, thereby reducing congestion. However, the extent of change in driver behavior is difficult to predict prior to ITS deployment. This difficulty leads to the larger problem of justifying investment in ITS. This article proposes an ITS deployment decision support tool using micro‐simulation. The approach determines the required diversion effectiveness of a work zone ITS deployment using VMS. The methodology was tested using the Glenmore Trail/Elbow Drive/5^th Street interchange project (GE5) in Calgary, Canada. The results indicate that the proposed approach will assist agencies in justifying ITS investment by exhibiting the potential resultant societal benefits.     

Gravity model estimation with proxy variables and the impact of endogeneity on transportation planning

This study presents an alternative method for estimating gravity models by multiple linear regression that is based on proxy variables, thus circumventing the endogeneity problems arising when least-squares estimators are used. The proxy variable approach generates consistent estimators for a gravity model without endogeneity bias. The presence of endogeneity is tested for using statistical tests developed specifically for our application.We conclude that proxy variables eliminate the endogeneity and produce consistent estimators in gravity models estimated using least squares. We also find, however, that endogeneity bias has no significant impact either on gravity model prediction or on urban transportation system planning processes based on such models.     

A review of household dynamic vehicle ownership models: holdings models versus transactions models

Among disaggregate vehicle ownership models, which model the number and/or type of vehicles owned at the household level, one can distinguish holdings models, which deal with the (optimal) household fleet at a single point in time, and transactions models. The latter type of model explains changes to the household fleet, such as replacement and disposal. The paper describes previous attempts at such dynamic models and sketches how a vehicle transactions model could look (as an example we discuss an application to The Netherlands). This includes discussions of transaction probabilities, two-stage budgeting, introducing vehicle quality in the utility functions, and the envisaged model structure and data it could use.