溅射水对铁道绝缘子带电水冲洗效果的影响分析

带电水冲洗是清洗接触网绝缘子的主要方式之一,清洗产生的溅射水对水冲洗效果影响很大,而相应的研究却很少。通过流体仿真分析和理论研究,对溅射水在冲洗工作、冲洗机理和污垢黏附强度等3个方面对带电水冲洗的影响进行分析。结果表明:溅射水会增加清洗范围,提高清洗效率,但也有可能导致闪络的发生,影响冲洗工作安全;溅射水会改变射流清洗机理,清洗主要原因由以渗透内应力变为水压力直接挤压剪切;溅射水会提高污垢周围的相对湿度,导致污垢颗粒与绝缘子表面间的黏附力增加,但对清洗所需动压影响不大。     

Microfluidics-based assay on the effects of microenvironmental geometry and aqueous flow on bacterial adhesion behaviors

Abstract A new microfluidic system with four different microchambers （a circle and three equilateral concave polygons） was designed and fabricated using poly（dimethylsiloxane） （PDMS） and the soft lithography method. Using this microfluidic device at six flow rates （5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 μL/h）, the effects of microenvironmental geometry and aqueous flow on bacterial adhesion behaviors were investigated. Escherichia coli HB101 pGLO, which could produce a green fluorescent protein induced by L-arabinose, was utilized as the model bacteria. The results demonstrated that bacterial adhesion was significantly related to culture time, microenvironment geometry, and aqueous flow rates. Adhered bacterial density increased with the culture time. Initially, the adhesion occurred at the microchamber sides, and then the entire chamber was gradually covered with increased culture time. Adhesion densities in the side zones were larger than those in the center zones because of the lower shearing force in the side zone. Also, the adhesion densities in the complex chambers were larger than those in the simple chambers. At low flow rates, the orientation of adhered bacteria was random and disorderly. At high flow rates, bacterial orientation became close to the streamline and oriented toward the flow direction; All these results implied that bacterial adhesion tended to occur in complicated aqueous flow areas.The present study provided an on-chip flow system for physiological behavior of biological cells, as well as provided a strategic cue for the prevention of bacterial infection and biofilm formation.     

高速列车机车车辆的牵引性能

在采用感应电动机作为牵引电动机时,牵引与电制动特性不仅取决于感应电动机的参数,还取决于逆变器的性能。由于逆变器无法将直流转换为一个理想的交流值,必须考虑谐波的产生以及类似问题。分析认为高速列车最显著的变化是彻底减小了运行阻力。500系新干线列车的运行阻力约是0系的一半。最新的新干线列车以300km·h-1速度运行,却比0系新干线列车甚至其他国家的高速列车耗能少。     

EFFECTS OF BU GU ZHI（PSORALEA CORYLIFOLIA L） AND BAI ZHI （DAHURIAN ANGELICA ROOT） EXTRACTS ON MELANOCYTE ADHESION AND MIGRATION

Vitiligoisacommonskindiseaesmanifestedby depigmentedwhitepatchessurroundedbyanormal orahyperpigmentedborder,causedbymelanocyte selectivilydestroy[1].Melanocyteishappenedby theneuralcrest,whichwouldmigratedtobasallay erofepidermisandhairfolliculuspilibywa…     

复杂运行环境下高速轮轨最佳撒砂增黏策略试验

在车轮-钢轨高速接触疲劳试验机上开展水、油和树叶等污染下的高速低黏着和增黏试验,通过最高速度200km·h-1的对滚试验,测得不同第三介质条件下的轮轨黏着-蠕滑特性曲线,研究增黏砂粒径和撒砂量对增黏效果的影响。结果表明:喷撒增黏砂可有效恢复各种污染下的轮轨黏着水平,使200km·h-1下轮轨黏着系数保持在0.18以上,低速下更高;增黏砂粒径在0.4~1.0mm范围内增大或撒砂量在40~100g·min-1范围内增加时,增黏效果均稍稍增强,综合考虑确定试验机的最佳撒砂量为40g·min-1、最佳粒径为0.85~1.0mm;考虑试验机与现场轮轨系统的尺寸差异、运行时复杂气流所致砂粒损失及适当冗余度等因素,建议现场最佳撒砂量为115~175g·min-1、最佳粒径为1.0~2.0mm;喷撒增黏砂会造成车轮接触表面的麻坑损伤,也是造成现场车轮踏面常见麻坑损伤的根本原因。     

基于pc/104标准的嵌入式内燃机车恒功率控制及粘着控制系统的研制

分析研究牵引工况恒功率控制及粘着控制的原理和方法,认为牵引工况恒功率控制和粘着控制,制动工况恒励磁电流控制、恒制动电流控制和防滑行控制都需要调节励磁机的励磁电流,粘着控制必须以恒功率控制为前提,防滑行控制必须以恒励磁电流控制或恒制动电流控制为前提,才能获得满意的结果。亦认为,由于实际的轮轨系统粘着状况比较复杂,影响因素很多,确定速度差、加速度及加速度微分的大小与粘着状态、空转程度之间精确的数量关系比较困难,最有效的控制方法是采用三维模糊控制策略。     

防城花岗岩集料及沥青混合料性能的试验评价

为论证防城花岗岩集料在高速公路沥青路面中应用的可行性,文章对花岗岩集料密度、针片状含量、粘附性、压碎值及级配等特性进行了试验分析,并对花岗岩集料沥青混合料AC-25的路用性能进行了检验。结果表明:防城花岗岩集料的吸水率比石灰岩集料的略大0.1%～0.3%、针片状含量偏大,花岗岩集料的粘附性为三级,(0～5)mm石屑的级配偏粗,其高温压碎值满足技术要求;花岗岩沥青混合料AC-25的油石比与石灰岩集料相比约增大0.3%;未掺配抗剥落剂或水泥的花岗岩沥青混合料AC-25的水稳定性能不满足现行规范的技术要求。     

Effect of wheel-slip prevention based on sliding mode control theory for railway vehicles

It is important to consider the robustness when designing brake control systems, because of the model's uncertainties that result from the nonlinear characteristics of wheel-to-rail adhesion forces and brake material friction coefficients. This paper presents the experimental results from the new wheel-slip prevention control using nonlinear robust control theory. The authors performed experiments for the proposed wheel-slip prevention control to compare it with the conventional control laws. The experimental results proved the comparative effectiveness of the proposed control and showed high brake performance under nonlinear characteristics of brake dynamics.     

解决某工程车桥表面漆膜附着力问题

运用过程方法排查涂装过程问题,采用假设检验法确定关键因子,针对关键因子实施改善,最终解决桥总成表面漆膜附着力问题。     

橡胶沥青碎石封层粘附性试验研究

针对碎石封层技术容易脱粒的问题,通过采用不同的试验方法和设备,进行相关的室内试验,分析影响碎石封层脱粒的主要因素,由此为橡胶沥青碎石封层作为上封层养护技术提供室内试验判定依据,为技术的相关应用提供参考.