钢管桩与混凝土芯粘结力及抗弯应力传递模拟试验研究

依托深圳蛇口集装箱码头二期工程,进行了钢管桩与混凝土芯粘结力及抗弯应力传递模拟试验,对试验结果进行理论分析,讨论了不同搭接长度和不同UEA掺量对钢管桩与混凝土芯单位粘结力的影响;推导出纯弯矩作用下,混凝土芯与钢管粘结段粘结长度的计算公式。为类似工程提供方法指导和理论依据。     

采用喷风冷却工艺提高淬火钢轨性能的研究

钢轨喷风淬火工艺采用单一的冷却介质压缩空气,使淬火冷却均匀性得到提高,而且不受钢轨表面状态对淬火质量的影响,便于生产管理。由于在冷却装置中加入侧面喷风冷却,淬火硬度分布更合理,有利于提高淬火钢轨抗侧磨能力。线路铺设使用也表明,喷风淬火钢轨比喷雾淬火钢轨具有更好的抗剥离性。根据目前国内淬火线生产状况,提出调整钢轨的成分和采用喷风冷却工艺是当前迫切需要解决的问题。     

城市轨道交通车辆受电弓弓头安全宽度的计算

分析了城市轨道交通车辆在直线段和曲线段中受电弓弓头的偏移影响因素以及接触线的受风偏移现象.根据比较车辆处于直线段和曲线段时的受电弓与接触线之间相对距离来确定受电弓弓头宽度的合理安全宽度,并设计了“城市轨道交通车辆受电弓宽度参数计算软件”.     

Bus Priority Using pre-signals

The need to provide efficient public transport services in urban areas has led to the implementation of bus priority measures in many congested cities. Much interest has recently centred on priority at signal controlled junctions, including the concept of pre-signals, where traffic signals are installed at or near the end of a with-flow bus lane to provide buses with priority access to the downstream junction. Although a number of pre-signals have now been installed in the U.K., particularly in London, there has been very little published research into their design, operation and optimisation. This paper addresses these points through the development of analytical procedures which allow pre-implementation evaluation of specific categories of pre-signals. The paper initially sets out three categories of pre-signal, which have different operating characteristics, different requirements for signalling and different impacts on capacity and delay. Key issues concerning signalling arrangements for these categories are then discussed, together with a summary of the analytical approach adopted and the assumptions required. Equations are developed to allow appropriate signal timings to be calculated for pre-signalised intersections. Further equations are then developed to enable delays to priority and non-priority traffic, with and without pre-signals, to be estimated with delay being taken here as the key performance criterion. The paper concludes with three application examples illustrating how the equations are applied and the impacts of pre-signals in different situations.The analyses confirm the potential benefits of pre-signals, where these signals apply to non-priority traffic only. Where buses are also subject to a pre-signal, it is shown that disbenefits to buses can often occur, unless bus detectors are used to gain priority signalling.     

晃荡对CSR油船设计的影响

为明确船舶营运过程中晃荡载荷对不同船型液货舱构件的影响,基于《散货船和油船结构共同规范》,分析晃荡载荷的形成及决定晃荡载荷的因素,结合纵向和横向晃荡在油船中的具体载荷水平,分析晃荡运动对CSR油船液货舱结构的影响,以VLCC制荡舱壁为优化目标,提出新的设计方案,采用MSC.Patran&Nastran有限元分析软件,论...     

路侧公交专用车道模式下右转交织长度建模

在设置路侧公交专用道的交叉口处,可通过划定交织区的方式允许右转车辆借用一定长度的公交专用道通行.合理规划公交车与右转车的交织区长度有利于提高借道右转的通行效率,减少在交织区前的排队车辆数从而降低道路混乱程度,保障公交车的专用路权.本文分析了公交站点影响下的公交车车头时距分布,建立了右转车穿越交织区长度计算模型,并结合实际调查数据进行了算例分析和模型验证.研究成果可为公交优先条件下的交叉口空间优化设计提供理论参考.     

基于交通效率、安全和特定交通组成的纵坡合理坡长

由于用地及地形、地质等限制,纵坡常被迫用到规范推荐的限制值,而我国《城市道路设计规范》(CJJ37-90)对5%以下的纵坡坡长限制没有进行规定,如何确定此类纵坡的合理坡长直接影响到路段交通安全、效率、工程经济等。通过对已有的纵坡坡长限制研究成果整理分析,提出运用汽车动力学进行坡长计算时,应该考虑汽车坡中换档的情况,并引入适合车型的概念,建议根据道路交通组成的实际情况确定坡长。分析坡长对驾驶员心率增长率、制动鼓温度、事故率的影响,分别确定各影响因素下的最大坡长。最后提出综合考虑交通效率和安全的坡长限制确定方法,并在某大纵坡路段的纵坡论证中进行了应用。     

多车道高速公路出口开口段安全特性分析

为研究不同断面形式下的多车道高速公路出口影响区开口长度及流量与交通安全的关系,针对2种断面形式的高速公路出口,分别设计了3种不同的开口长度,结合3种不同流量条件设计了18个不同的驾驶模拟场景.实验招募30名被试者开展模拟驾驶实验,提取不同开口长度及流量条件下各断面形式高速公路出口的车辆行驶轨迹、换道间隙的选择、减速度、...     

大跨悬索桥主缆线形解析迭代法研究

基于悬索桥在恒载作用下的受力特点,建立了主缆线形控制计算的解析迭代方法,以此确定主缆无应力长度、成桥线形、空缆线形。算例结果表明该解析法具有适合程序计算、收敛速度快、计算精度高的特点,可用于悬索桥设计与施工控制计算。     

Predicting queue variability to enable analysis of overload risk

ABSTRACT

Predicting the risk of traffic demands and delays exceeding critical limits at road junctions, airports, hospitals, etc., requires knowing how both mean and variance of queue size vary over time. Microscopic simulation can explore variability but is computationally demanding and gives only sample results. A computationally efficient approximation to the mean is used in many modelling tools, but only empirical extensions for variance in particular situations have been available. The paper derives theoretical formulae for time-dependent and equilibrium variance, believed to be novel and to apply generally to queues covered by the Pollaczek–Khinchin mean formula, and offering possible structural insights. These are applied in an extended approximation giving mutually consistent mean and variance estimates with improved accuracy. Tests on oversaturated peak demand cases are compared with Markov probabilistic simulation, demonstrating accuracy (R^2?>?0.99) for typical random, priority-like (M/M/1) and traffic-signal-like (M/D/1) queues. Implications for risk analysis, planning and policy are considered.