桥上CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道台后锚固体系端刺结构受力变形特性

通过在高速铁路正线上开展长期温度荷载下的原位监测和列车制动荷载下的实车试验,以及运用ABAQUS有限元软件的数值计算,进行高速铁路桥上CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道倒T型和Π型台后锚固体系的端刺结构在温度力和制动力作用下的受力变形特性研究。结果表明:在降温和升温过程中,端刺结构周围土体压应力较大值主要出现在主端刺摩擦板的下部和桥台方向首个小端刺的位置,端刺结构变形主要以顶部弯拉为主,整体纵向变形较小;在紧急制动荷载的作用下,钢轨纵向应力、端刺纵向位移均随着轴重的增加而明显增大,但端刺纵向位移绝对值较小,与温度荷载作用相比,紧急制动荷载作用对端刺结构的影响小。     

浅谈高速铁路长大隧道应急通信

介绍了高速铁路长大隧道中的应急通信实现方案;提出了高速铁路中其他几种常用应急组网方式;对应急通信系统中的现场、基站/车站、指挥中心等相关设备进行了简单介绍。     

高速公路隧道突发事件应急管理研究

高速公路隧道应急管理研究目的在于完善隧道应急管理体制,在应急救援过程中提高应急救援效率,尽可能的减少人民群众生命财产损失。文章分析了应急管理体系、应急预案、应急演练以及应急新闻发布方面存在的问题,并提出灵活组合使用四种应急处置机制、加强应急救援演练等建议。     

Studies on emergency evacuation management for maritime transportation

Marine transportation is a vital component of the world’s economy and transportation network. The number of people using passenger ships around the globe is increasing worldwide. Similar to other transportation systems, passenger safety is critical in maritime shipment. As emergency evacuation processes for ships are highly different from and more complicated than those for buildings and other vehicles, many researchers have published a vast range of documents related to this peculiar research area. However, there is a tangible lack of sufficient literature review studies that investigate marine emergency evacuation (MEE). That being the case, the potential of marine transportation and the effect of emergency evacuation operation on life safety have inspired the proposal of this study. This paper offers a review of the available literature on MEE modelling, analysis and planning during the period from 1973 to 2017 using a systematic approach. After reviewing relevant academic journals, peer-reviewed conference papers, and technical reports of agencies, relevant literature is analysed. In addition, the literature review is extended by means of proposing a framework methodology which considers different possible conditions and situations during MEE. Finally, insights for ship managers and policymakers are discussed and potential future research directions are identified.     

集装箱专用平车加装承载板实现滚装运输技术研究

为弥补应急情况下滚装运输所需平车数量缺口,同时为完善车辆自身应急保障能力,分析集装箱专用平车用于滚装运输需求,针对集装箱专用平车用于滚装运输存在的主要问题,提出在不改变车体结构前提下,通过加装承载板实现滚装运输的解决思路。结合集装箱专用平车结构特点,分析承载板的数量、尺寸、材质,设计承载板由承载面、横支撑架、渡板、斜支腿、受力面、绳拴构成,给出加装改造方法,并通过校核承载能力和研究适运范围,研究加装改造后的集装箱专用平车滚装运输能力,得出改造后的集装箱专用平车可以满足大部分滚装运输货物运输需要。     

Effects of shadow evacuation on megaregion evacuations

Transportation systems serve important roles during emergencies, in particular for evacuations. However, efficient travel during these life-and-death scenarios can be adversely impacted by external conditions, such as unnecessary and unneeded travel. This research sought to enhance the understanding of the effects of these conditions by analyzing shadow evacuations, and their impact on regional traffic operations in megaregions, more broadly. The research was based on simulations of a range of hurricane evacuation threat scenarios in the Gulf of Mexico building upon prior study using TRANSIMS. These assessments are also targeted at what many assume could be worst case evacuation conditions and pushing the limits of current simulation modeling capability. Among the broader findings of this work was that shadow evacuation participation rates did not significantly impact the evacuation clearance times within mandatory evacuation areas of the megaregion as long as demand could be temporarily spread out. This finding does not, however, suggest that the shadow evacuations have no impact on evacuation processes. High rates of shadow evacuees can cause significant congestion if they are not able to exit critical routes before mandatory evacuees reach areas further away from the coast.     

船舶溢油事故污染的行政治理

在早期的船舶溢油事故污染研究中,对纯技术的研究远远优先于行政组织管理方面的研究。为此,围绕船舶溢油事故污染行政治理,通过实证分析和规范分析,对行政治理的基本内涵、职能、组织架构和应急计划制定等进行了探讨。研究表明:世界各国虽然对船舶溢油事故污染行政治理予以了高度重视,但基本停留在应用实践层面,因此有必要结合实践,从理论角度予以规范化描述。同样,我国船舶溢油事故污染行政治理尚处于初始启动阶段,有必要加快规范化和合理化的进程。     

对海上突发事件及其应急机制的思考

预防和处置海上突发事件,已成为当前海警部队需要认真研究的重要课题。根据当前海上突发事件的特点,来建设和完善海上突发事件的应急机制,显得尤为迫切。根据海上突发事件所具有的发生的不确定性、种类多频率高、反应的紧迫性、处置的艰难性、一定的涉外性的特点,其应急机制应着重围绕机制的防控体系、训练体系、指挥体系、公关体系和善后体系来综合建设。     

Locating emergency vehicles with an approximate queuing model and a meta-heuristic solution approach

In this paper, the location of emergency service (ES) vehicles is studied on fully connected networks. Queuing theory is utilized to obtain the performance metrics of the system. An approximate queuing model the (AQM) is proposed. For the AQM, different service rate formulations are constructed. These formulations are tested with a simulation study for different approximation levels. A mathematical model is proposed to minimize the mean response time of ES systems based on AQM. In the model, multiple vehicles are allowed at a single location. The objective function of the model has no closed form expression. A genetic algorithm is constructed to solve the model. With the help of the genetic algorithm, the effect of assigning multiple vehicles on the mean response time is reported.     

常用应急抢险装备的合理选择和配备

我国自然灾害频发,地震、洪水、泥石流等灾害极容易对道路,房屋等建筑造成巨大的损坏,从而对抢险过程直接或间接地增加了难度。为了高效遂行抢险任务和提高抢险能力,就有必要提高处理交通基础设施的能力。而抢险设备的选择和合理的配置能够大大提高抢险任务效率。一方面,对于不同的抢险任务,有着不同的作业内容,其中所需要的抢险器械也各不相同。另一方面,同一种工程机械又有着不同的型号,各自又具有独特的技术性能和适用范围。一种机械可以完成多种作业,而一种作业又可以使用多种工程机械。因此如何对工程机械的选择以及合理的配置是本文的重点。