重载列车有线电控空气制动系统的研究

重载列车在制动时,由于列车前后部制动力不一致而产生巨大的车钩力和剧烈的纵向冲动,极易造成列车断钩和脱轨事故。研究利用电力线作为通信介质,采用网络控制系统和每辆车作为一个网络节点,结合我国货车120空气制动机,实现有线电控空气制动。研究表明:由电控空气制动系统(ECP系统)控制列车制动,列车中所有车辆的制动和缓解动作几乎同步进行,全部车辆制动缸开始升、降压的时间差在0.2 s以内;在网络条件允许的范围内,装有ECP系统的车辆制动和缓解的同步性不受列车编组辆数的影响,各车辆制动缸的升压、降压曲线形状几乎相同;车辆制动缸压力的控制精度达到制动命令要求值的±20 kPa。由于ECP系统实现了对列车制动和缓解的同步控制,能够保证长大重载列车安全运行。     

Multiphysic modelling of railway vehicles equipped with pneumatic suspensions

This article presents a multidisciplinary approach of railway pneumatic suspension modelling: both multibody and pneumatic aspects are taken into account. The work aims at obtaining a realistic model of the secondary suspension and coupling it with a multibody model of a train. Various components of the pneumatic circuit such as bellows, tanks, pipes and valves are taken into account. The article focuses on the bellow-pipe-tank subsystem for which several modelling approaches are presented and compared. Differences between differential and algebraic models are highlighted, and an application-dependent choice between them is suggested. A complete model of the pneumatic circuit is then obtained and coupled with a multibody model of the train. As a result, the behaviour of a suburban train equipped with a pneumatic secondary suspension is analysed, in particular undesired oscillating motions which affect the comfort. Topological modifications and improvements of the suspension are also investigated and discussed.     

气液混合型制动系的执行机构建模试验和仿真

分析了用于多轴车制动系气液混合型执行机构各元件的动态特性 ,结合其鼓式制动器 ,提出了一种鼓式制动器的弹性特征模型 ;将各元器件有机结合 ,建立了整个执行机构的动态特性分析的数学模型 ,应用Mat lab工具进行仿真计算。将仿真计算和试验获得的压力建立过程进行对比分析 ,结果验证了仿真数学模型的正确性。     

重型载货汽车AMT离合器气动执行机构的建模与控制

建立了某重型载货汽车的离合器气动执行机构数学模型,并分别设置了分离和接合过程中的离合器缸活塞目标位置。仿真结果表明,当目标位置设置较小时,单独控制相应电磁阀,活塞基本可以停在预定位置;当目标位置设置较大时,单独控制相应电磁阀,系统超调量较大,增加了离合器控制的难度。利用离合器执行机构台架进行了静态试验,所得试验结果与仿真结果基本吻合,验证了仿真模型的有效性。设计的分段动态控制器控制离合器的仿真结果表明,能够使分离轴承实际位移很好地跟随理想位移变化。     

桩头快速吊除技术在板桩码头中的应用

随着社会经济发展,板桩码头施工中大部分工序都以机械取代了人工,而桩头凿除仍处于靠人工完成的阶段,地连墙板桩码头桩头凿除这一环节已成为制约总体施工进度的关键因素,本文就桩头快速吊除技术在板桩码头中的应用展开讨论,希望这一技术能在各个应用地连墙的工程中得以更广泛的推广应用.     

一种新型的主机调速系统

针对全回转舵桨汽车渡船，提出了一种新型的主机气控调速系统，并对其工作原理、调速方法及调压阀设计作了简要分析。     

地下气动穿孔机结构设计探讨

地下气动穿孔机是一种新型的非开挖施工机械。简述了该设备的工作原理、施工特点，着重分析了设计思想、结构原理和制造过程中应注意的问题，对推动气动穿孔机在非开挖穿孔中的应用具有参考价值。     

一种滩涂作业车辆气动换挡操纵机构

本文针对滩涂作业车辆行驶阻力大和换挡操纵距离远造成的换挡困难现象,设计了一种可远距离操控的气动换挡操纵机构。根据实测选档及挂档作用力,设计了一种由通用气缸和电磁阀组成的远距离换挡操纵机构,经实车试验后解决了上述难题。     

H型截面吊杆气动性能的风洞试验

通过节段的静力和弹簧悬挂动力试验,对H型吊杆的驰振和涡激振动性能进行分析。不做任何措施的H型吊杆在一定的风速下很容易发生驰振。腹板开孔的H型吊杆在横桥向来流时表现出涡激振动,开孔越大,涡激振动的振幅越小,方形孔比圆形孔要小,表明腹板开孔可以抑制该风向的涡激振动。在接近顺桥向来流的作用下,实腹和只在腹板开孔的吊杆在风速不高时表现为弛振。在翼板上加风嘴时,没有发现驰振,但横桥向来流时的涡激振动有较大增加。翼板上开孔能提高吊杆顺桥向来流的驰振临界风速,甚至杜绝该方向驰振的发生,且开孔越大效果越好。     

Multiphysic modelling of railway vehicles equipped with pneumatic suspensions

This article presents a multidisciplinary approach of railway pneumatic suspension modelling: both multibody and pneumatic aspects are taken into account. The work aims at obtaining a realistic model of the secondary suspension and coupling it with a multibody model of a train. Various components of the pneumatic circuit such as bellows, tanks, pipes and valves are taken into account. The article focuses on the bellow–pipe–tank subsystem for which several modelling approaches are presented and compared. Differences between differential and algebraic models are highlighted, and an application-dependent choice between them is suggested. A complete model of the pneumatic circuit is then obtained and coupled with a multibody model of the train. As a result, the behaviour of a suburban train equipped with a pneumatic secondary suspension is analysed, in particular undesired oscillating motions which affect the comfort. Topological modifications and improvements of the suspension are also investigated and discussed.