The use of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as a particulate tracer in the water column of Gaoping (Kaoping) Submarine Canyon

Time-series samples of settling particles were collected in the water column of Gaoping (formerly spelled Kaoping) Submarine Canyon (KPSC) with two sediment traps on taut-line moorings deployed at two different depths (60 and 280 m) between May 26 and June 27, 2004. Average total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations of upper and lower trap array samples were 310 ± 61 ng g^− 1 dw (range: 200–440) and 240 ± 36 ng g^− 1 dw (range: 180–290), respectively. Principal component analysis results suggest that PAH sources in the trap-collected particles included diesel vehicle/coal burning, diagenetic sources, and petroleum release. PAH downward fluxes based on settling particles were estimated to be 12–44 μg m^− 2 d^− 1. These values are higher than those reported in the literature for most coastal areas. During the sampling period, both traps were significantly tilted by tidal current and fluctuated vertically. The upper traps experienced greater vertical movements, thus their particle characteristics (e.g., POC, particle mass, and fine particle fraction) varied more than those of the lower traps. Hourly depth variations of the tilted sediment trap array were echoed by the corresponding total PAH concentrations. Moreover, the PAH composition of the collected particles was related to the flow direction and speed. These observations suggest that PAHs can be used as an effective chemical tracer for the transport of terrestrial and marine particulates in a complex aquatic environment like Gaoping (Kaoping) Submarine Canyon.     

烃类化合物在SE—54和OV—1固定相上焓变关系

研究了烃类化合物在ＯＶ－１和ＳＥ－５４固定相间的焓变关系，该研究结果为设计烃类化合物在相同温度程序下的双柱谱图自动识别程序提供了科学依据。     

四味芳香开窍药的挥发性成分对缺血缺氧PC12细胞及细胞内Ca2+的影响

目的研究四味芳香开窍药的挥发性成分对连二亚硫酸钠(Na2S2O4)致PC12细胞缺血缺氧损伤及细胞内Ca2+的影响。方法体外实验采用5mmol/L的Na2S2O4导致PC12细胞缺血缺氧性损伤,然后观测细胞形态;用二甲基噻唑二苯基四唑溴盐(MTT)比色法,考察水蒸汽蒸馏法提取的麝香、苏合香、安息香挥发性成分及冰片对缺血缺氧PC12细胞活性的影响;并按照试剂盒要求测定模型细胞内Ca2+的含量。结果麝香4、8、16μg/mL,冰片8、16μg/mL,苏合香20、40μg/mL及安息香16μg/mL组均能显著升高模型细胞的吸光度(A)值(P<0.05,P<0.01),显著抑制Na2S2O4对PC12细胞的损伤;苏合香40、80μg/mL,安息香4、8、16μg/mL组均能显著降低模型细胞内Ca2+含量(P<0.05,P<0.01);麝香、冰片有降低模型细胞内Ca2+含量的趋势。结论麝香、苏合香、安息香的挥发性成分及冰片均有保护缺血缺氧PC12细胞的作用,其机制可能与降低细胞内Ca2+的含量,防止钙超载有关。     

不同路线国Ⅴ车用重型柴油机微粒物中SOF和PAHs的对比研究

采用AVL全流采样(CVS)系统,对2台国Ⅴ车用重型柴油机进行了ESC和ETC循环试验,并利用气相色谱—质谱联用仪等设备对颗粒物中的可溶性有机物(SOF)和多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了分析。通过对比采用DOC+DPF和SCR两种技术路线柴油机的SOF和PAHs及其组分,对它们的排放特性进行了研究。研究发现,无论是ESC循环下还是ETC循环下,DOC+DPF路线发动机PM排放中SOF含量以及PAHs排放总浓度都要明显低于SCR路线发动机,PM中菲和芘的浓度会降低一半以上。     

Natural and anthropogenic hydrocarbons in the water column of the Ross Sea (Antarctica)

In the framework of the Italian Research Programme in Antarctica (PNRA) an oceanographic cruise was carried out between December 2000 and February 2001 in the Western Ross Sea. n-Alkanes and PAHs concentrations were analysed in sea-water samples collected at different depths at four sites (D, B, CA2, and CA). Vertical profiles of pressure, temperature, salinity and fluorescence were also performed in order to distinguish the water masses present in the sampling areas. n-Alkanes concentrations were consistent with those found in the same area during previous expeditions and showed higher values in the particulate due to the low temperatures. n-Alkanes profiles exhibited different features in the dissolved and particulate phases. The dissolved phase was characterised by a bimodal distribution with two maxima at C16 and C24 and prevalent compounds in the range C15–C32 whereas particulate was strongly dominated by long chain n-alkanes C23–C34 with C24 (Site B, CA and CA2) or C32 (Site B) as Cmax. CPI values and Pr/Ph ratios suggested a prevalent biogenic origin for aliphatic hydrocarbons. n-Alkanes vertical distributions were affected by the dynamic of the pack-ice melting and phytoplankton activity as well by the chemical–physical properties of water masses. Higher n-alkanes values were found in the High Salinity Shelf Waters (HSSW), lower n-alkanes values were found in the Antarctic Surface Waters (AASW) and Modified Circumpolar Deep Water (MCDW).The low PAHs concentration levels confirmed the still pristine character of the Antarctic environment. Neither particular trend in total PAHs concentrations along the water column and nor correlations with the most characteristic water masses of the investigated area of the Ross Sea were observed, except that total PAH higher concentrations were generally observed in correspondence of HSSW.     

Preparation and characterization of polysulfonamide statistical copolymers from three aromatic diamines

Various polysulfonamide(PSA) statistical copolymers were synthesized by polycondensation of three aromatic diamines and terephthaloyl chloride.The inherent viscosities of the resulting PSA copolymers range from 1.54 to 1.66 dL/g.The precipitated PSA copolymers with feed content of p-phenylene diamine(PPD) being less than 50%(mole fraction) can be redissolved in N-methyl-2-pryrrolidone(NMP) or N,N-dimethylacetamide(DMAc) with lithium chloride of wLiCl=0.02.All of the PSA copolymers exhibit enhanced tensile s...     

低温等离子体技术去除船舶尾气脱硫洗涤水中多环芳烃的研究

船舶运输因其载重量大、安全等优点作为全球交通运输的重要组成部分,但船舶排放尾气对大气环境造成了严重危害。国际海事组织对船舶排放的硫氧化物和氮氧化物制定了严格的规定。目前船用脱硫技术主要以湿法为主,产生的脱硫废液含有多种有害物质,其中多环芳烃因其毒性大,持久性强成为关注热点。本研究以萘为多环芳烃代表物,采用低温等离体技术对钠碱法脱硫后洗涤水进行处理,研究该过程萘降解的反应动力学参数,考察臭氧剂量、萘初始浓度、温度和pH对萘降解动力学的影响。结果表明,低温等离子体技术产生的臭氧降解萘符合假一级反应动力学,反应速率常数随着臭氧剂量、萘初始浓度和pH的增加而增加,随着温度呈现先增加后降低的趋势。     

柴油-甲醇混合燃料多环芳香烃形成的影响因素研究

以柴油-甲醇燃料为研究对象,探究柴油-甲醇混合燃料燃烧对多环芳香烃(PAHs)生成的影响规律.将AVL-Fire和Chemkin耦合,构建正庚烷-甲苯-PAHs化学反应动力学机理并验证,采用Chemkin中的均质零维反应模型进行仿真模拟,研究了柴油-甲醇混合燃料不同掺混比、初始温度、初始压力、当量比对多环芳香烃苯、萘、...     

Isocyanic acid and ammonia in vehicle emissions

Vehicles are considered to be an important source of ammonia (NH₃) and isocyanic acid (HNCO). HNCO and NH₃ have been shown to be toxic compounds. Moreover, NH₃ is also a precursor in the formation of atmospheric secondary aerosols. For that reason, real-time vehicular emissions from a series of Euro 5 and Euro 6 light-duty vehicles, including spark ignition (gasoline and flex-fuel), compression ignition (diesel) and a plug-in electric hybrid, were investigated at 23 and −7 °C over the new World harmonized Light-duty vehicle Test Cycle (WLTC) in the Vehicle Emission Laboratory at the European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, Italy. The median HNCO emissions obtained for the studied fleet over the WLTC were 1.4 mg km⁻¹ at 23 °C and 6 mg km⁻¹ at −7 °C. The fleet median NH₃ emission factors were 10 mg km⁻¹ and 21 mg km⁻¹ at 23 and −7 °C, respectively. The obtained results show that even though three-way catalyst (TWC), selective catalytic reduction (SCR), and NOx storage catalyst (NSC) are effective systems to reduce NOx vehicular emissions, they also lead to considerable emissions of the byproducts NH₃ and/or HNCO. It is also shown that diesel light-duty vehicles equipped with SCR can present NH₃ emission factors as high as gasoline light-duty vehicles at both, 23 and −7 °C over the WLTC. Therefore, with the introduction in the market of this DeNOx technology, vehicular NH₃ emissions will increase further.