汽车突发性故障的应急处理

本文介绍了在汽车行驶过程中遇到发动机熄火、制动失效、轮胎爆裂、车灯熄灭、飞车以及方向失灵等突发故障时,驾驶员应采取的紧急处理措施。     

Prediction of wheel wear in urban railway transport: comparison of existing models

One of the most important maintenance costs in tramway transport comes from wear of wheel profiles. In the highly competitive railway market, the prediction of wear is then a major concern of the constructors. In this article, we present and compare four models well adapted to tramway conditions, involving contacts on the rolling tread and on the flange with very different sliding and pressure conditions. Moreover, all models can be implemented from the natural outputs of the railway simulation packages classically used in industry for the dynamics design of the vehicles. The first one, proposed by Jendel, is based on the well-known Archard's wear model. Enblom continues Jendel's approach by taking into account the contribution of wheel deformation on the sliding velocity. The last two models, developed by Zobory, and Pearce and Sherratt, determine the wear from the energy dissipation in the contact area. The models are first compared on a theoretical basis and, for that purpose, are rewritten in a common form. Two cases are distinguished: mild wear as arising on the rolling tread and severe wear as arising on the flange. The models are also compared in the practical case of an urban transport vehicle running on circular tracks with different curve radii. Although the models show equivalent trends according to the theoretical study, important discrepancies appear between estimated wear depths. All models are actually dependent on experimental coefficients and it is likely that they were estimated in different conditions. On the other hand, a reasonable agreement can be found in some particular conditions. As an example, Zobory's, Enblom's and Jendel's models are very close to each other in severe wear conditions. This work shows that a general and reliable model could probably be developed from all positive aspects of the existing ones.     

宁波轨道交通轨道振动预测研究及优化

在轨道交通初步设计阶段地下线轨道减振设计中,对距外轨中心线两侧10~60 m范围内的环境敏感点,往往采用踏勘、工程类比等经验方法进行设计,具有一定的误差。在采用《环境影响评价技术导则城市轨道交通》(HJ453—2008)振动预测模型的基础上,参考北京、上海等城市的经验,研究适用于宁波轨道交通地下线轨道振动预测模型,并采用计算机语言实现预测模型程序化以提高设计效率。在初步设计阶段,振动预测的标准化、自动化,对稳定区间轨道高度,细化概算投资,减少设计反复具有重要意义。     

高速列车与铁路简支组合梁动力相互作用仿真分析

针对中小跨度上承式钢板梁桥在提速时横向振幅过大的问题,提出将钢板梁桥改造成组合桥梁。应用MSC/DYTRAN大型软件对改造后的32m简支组合梁结构进行桥梁动力特性及列车走行性分析。结果表明,当运行速度在140~220km.h-1时,机车车辆的乘客乘座舒适度满足良的标准,改造后简支组合梁结构满足高速旅客列车速度小于220km.h-1的走行性要求。     

三轴单机客车转向随动桥的关键技术

介绍了三轴单机客车转向随动桥的关键技术,偏角的控制、转向梯形关系的确立、保障转向平稳等.     

通用雷达接口电路

本文针对雷达接口电路的方案设计和实现过程中的问题，首先对两种已经实现的雷达接口电路系统方案进行分析，据此提出以微处理器为核心的方案，然后重点讨论了通用性问题，并定量分析了时间资源对系统可行性的影响，最后说明了雷达接口电路的应用。     

自动驾驶汽车的仿真

随着汽车自动化程度的提高,自动驾驶汽车已成为国内外的研究热点之一。本文设计了一种自动驾驶汽车的模型,它能根据道路的弯曲程度变化实时地计算出车辆的转向角度输入,控制车辆按照预设想道路行吮。     

台车碰撞试验用机械缓冲吸能装置研究

本文介绍了一种用于台车碰撞试验的机械缓冲吸能装置。通过计算机仿真与试验研究,证明该装置可以满足台车碰撞试验要求。     

车用液力变矩器的变形仿真研究

为确保液力变矩器的使用安全，对液力变矩器（空壳）在同一离心力场下的不同油压作用进行了实际工况仿真和有限元分析，通过对实际车用液力变矩器空壳的试验测试，结果表明液力变矩器颈端（Hub)和柄端（Pilot)的轴向变形与油压呈线性关系，理论计算值与试验测试结果吻合较好。     

AMT车辆液压系统的仿真与应用

AMT（Automated dMechanical Transmission,即电控机械式自动变速器）的执行机构广泛采用液压系统,包括蓄能器、电磁阀、管路、选换挡液压缸和离合器操纵液压缸。为了缩短换挡时间,提高换挡品质,对液压系统的流量有一定的要求,尤其是载质量大的车辆,对流量有更高的要求,为了提高液压系统的流量,同时照顾系统的小型轻量化,运用功率键合图方法,首次对AMT液压系统建立了完善的高阶时变非线性状态方程,通过仿真实验,得到了许多有意义的结论,实车应用后,明显提高了换挡速度,从而大大缩短了液压系统的开发周期。